Business Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Research - Assignment Example Article by Ferratt, Agarwal, Brown and Moore is also focused on the HRM related issues with IT and explore the question of whether the different IT HRM configurations are associated with different IT staff turnover rates. This question therefore attempts to link the strategic view of HRM and how IT can effectively contribute towards its development at the organization wide level. The overall arguments behind the key research question are based upon the view that Human Resource of an organization serves as a strategic asset and should be dealt strategically. Article by Ang, Yee, Koh and Joseph also explores the major question of IT employee turnover and how different factors such as availability of better job alternative as well as lack of desire to move or switch the job can affect employee turnover. The overall context of the research is therefore based upon linking the peculiar factors related with IT professionals and resulting employee turnover. Theories and Methods Lapointe and Rivard use extant model of resistance to the implementation of information technology however, they have also discussed the interaction theory in order to describe the theoretical foundations for describing resistance and its interaction with Information technology. ... Ferratt, Agarwal, Brown and Moore however, have used the general arguments in favor of the use of human resource as the strategic asset for the firm. However, authors have also used configurational theories to find out the strategic relationship between the different IT HRM configuration and employee turnover. Authors have also used correlation analysis to explore the correlation between different components of configuration with the turnover. Ang, Yee, Koh and Joseph use narrative review as a research method to understand and explore the turnover of information technology professionals. (Joseph, Ng, K, Koh, & Ang, 2007). By using meta-analytic techniques authors have actually explored various relationships. Narrative review offers an insight into different turnover theories including Met expectations theory, Linkage Model as well as job embeddiness theory to discuss turnover of the IT professionals and how the overall increase or decrease in turnover can actually affect an organizat ion. Methods such as Meta Analytic Structural Equation Modeling techniques have also been used in the meta-analytic review of the underlying research questions. Main contribution and findings Lapointe and Rivard’s article suggest that during the process of implementation of the information technology the overall group resistance vary. At different stages of the implementation the overall response could change and as such the overall resistance also changes as the implementation process passes through different stages. It has also been concluded that the level of resistance change as the perceived threats from the implementation of the same also change and as such group wide resistance could make significant difference in the overall implementation process of different IT related

LEADERSHIP STYLES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEADERSHIP STYLES - Essay Example Over the period of time, the nature and orientation of the leadership therefore has changed and increasing body of research is suggesting interesting aspects about leadership. The leadership styles can vary and depend upon the ability of the leader to lead the organization and followers in a particular manner. From the perspective of nursing leadership can be important as it outlines the way as to how one will lead as the career progress takes place over the period of time. It is therefore important for nurses to clearly understand the difference between management and leadership besides understanding different leadership styles. This understanding is critical because it directly have an impact on the performance. This paper will discuss and explore two different leadership styles and how that leadership style or leader fits in my philosophy of leader. A comparison and contrast will also be made between leadership and management. Transformational leadership is considered as the leadership which can bring in positive change within individuals to achieve certain objectives. This type of leadership style is often considered as one the most important ways to actually convert followers into leaders by systematically transforming the way they approach different aspects of the organizational environment or their career. By redesigning the values and belief systems, this approach towards leadership creates strong changes within the followers and therefore makes some important changes in the way they approach different aspects of their life and organization. It is also important to note that a transformational leader is also a moral example for the followers. As such leaders become like role models for improving the moral standing of the followers too. (Roesner, 1990) Another style of leadership is based upon the notion of servant leadership which is based upon the idea of giving preference to

Loyalty Programs In The Success Of Hero Honda Commerce Essay

Loyalty Programs In The Success Of Hero Honda Commerce Essay Customer loyalty  is when an organization receives the ultimate reward for the way it interacts with its customers. Loyal customers buy more, buy longer and tell more people thats true customer loyalty. Although customer loyalty is often achieved through offers, discount coupons, rebates and other kinds of rewards, long-term customer loyalty can only be created by making your customers feel that they are your number one priority. Competitive advantage can be achieved through customer loyalty. This is the way to gain the best kind of customers, repeat customers. Repeat customers tend to spend more money and provide the best word-of-mouth advertising. Loyalty programs are structured marketing efforts that reward, and therefore encourage, loyal buying behavior behavior which is potentially of benefit to the firm. Customer loyalty,  not  customer satisfaction, is key to the success of an organization, and customer loyalty is fostered when an organization excels along two dimensions:    Design of its Products including its Service Products Operational Execution   or Conformance   to the Design Many companies focus on rewarding customers who have repeat purchases. Such reward programs have their place in assuring customer loyalty. However, if the product or service doesnt meet customer needs, no reward program will keep them returning. For success in the long run, an organization must: Continuously improve Quickly identify and resolve problems to the customers satisfaction or more The first step in customer loyalty research programs is formulating the objectives. Next, the current state of customer loyalty needs to be documented. That is, what is the satisfaction level and the defection rate? Then, data collection projects, such as survey questionnaires and other research tools, must be developed. The goal in these tools is to find out customers satisfaction level and how many customers are defecting. Customer Loyalty has become a catch-all term for the end result of many marketing approaches where customer data is used. We can say Relationship Marketing or Database Marketing or Permission Marketing or CRM, and it is trying to increase customer loyalty getting customers to choose to buy or visit more. All of the above approaches have two elements in common they increase both customer retention and the LifeTime Value of customers. Customer loyalty is the result of well-managed customer retention programs; customers who are targeted by a retention program demonstrate higher loyalty to a business. About Hero Honda Hero Hondas mission is to strive for synergy between technology, systems and human resources, to produce products and services that meet the quality, performance and price aspirations of its customers. At the same time maintain the highest standards of ethics and social responsibilities. Hero Honda is the only two-wheeler company in the country with a 100 per cent motorcycle exposure. Although its sales have grown at a good clip over the past year, a bigger motorcycle pie and greater competition has resulted in a fall in the companys market share-51 per cent in August 2001 to 47 per cent this August.   To counter the competition, the company is looking to create an intermediate category with its latest model, the 133-cc Ambition. This bike is targeted at users who wish to move to a high-end model but wouldnt like to shell out premium model prices. Hero Honda is taking it easy on launches. Besides Ambition, it is looking at a 200-cc bike next fiscal and a relaunch of CBZ, which has been steadily losing out to Bajajs comparable offering Pulsar. Says Sobti: We will move into launch mode only when we believe there is a demand for new products, not as an attention-getting tactic that will uselessly crowd the market. Instead, the company is focussing on maximising sales of its existing product basket. To this end, the company has upped ad spend over the past year. It offers a two-year warranty on all its motorcycles (the only two-wheeler manufacturer to do so). Another key initiative is a customer loyalty programme, Hero Honda Passport Programme. Subscribers are entitled to discounts on spares and service. Customer loyalty Programme in Hero Honda i.e Hero Honda Passport Programme Hero Honda Passport Programme The Hero Honda Passport Programme is open only to Hero Honda motorcycle owners/customers who are resident Indian nationals. It is not open to non-resident Indians, employees of Hero Honda Motors Limited, and its advertising agencies (Result: McCann and its respective subsidiary companies). The Hero Honda Passport will be issued in the name of an individual only, and not in the name of a company, corporate body or association of persons. The Hero Honda Passport will be issued only to individuals who are 18 years of age, or older. There is a non-refundable registration fee for the programme. Two passport-sized photographs must be attached to the application form. The Hero Honda passport is non-transferable. In case, an applicant is the second or subsequent user of the Hero Honda motorcycle, he/ she is required to submit a copy of the registration booklet, duly transferred, along with the Hero Honda Passport Application form. If any Hero Honda Passport holder loses his/her Hero Honda Passport, a new copy of the same will be issued to the member, on payment of the requisite fee. The Hero Honda Passport is valid only for three years from the date of issue. It will take minimum of 4 weeks, from the date of enrolling for the Hero Honda Passport Programme, to deliver the Hero Honda Passport. On becoming a Hero Honda Passport Programme member, the applicant authorises all the organisations, with which Hero Honda Motors Limited may finalise arrangements (including Hero Honda Motors Limited), to use data submitted by him/her for marketing and communication purposes, to enhance performance of the Hero Honda Passport Programme. In case of non-receipt of the Hero Honda Passport, it is mandatory for the applicant to intimate the Hero Honda dealership within 45 days from the date of application. In case of loss/theft of the Hero Honda Passport, the member must inform the Hero Honda dealership immediately. Hero Honda Motors Limited reserves the right to reject any application at its sole discretion, without assigning any reason. Hero Honda Motors Limited is not responsible for any damaged/mutilated/lost -in transit/incorrectly filled forms. All Hero Honda Passports, even after their issuance, remain the property of Hero Honda Motors Limited. Hero Honda Motors Limited will not accept responsibility for circumstances that are beyond its control, and that may cause a delay or inability to fulfill requests of the Hero Honda Passport holders. Hero Honda Motors Limited holds out no warranty, and makes no representation about the quality of the goods and services provided by partners in the Hero Honda Passport Programme, and will not be responsible if the goods/services are defective/ deficient/unsatisfactory, in any way. Hero Honda Motors Limited is not responsible for any liability incurred by the Hero Honda Passport holder, with respect to any aspect of the Hero Honda Passport Programme. In case of any disputes of differences in connection with the Hero Honda Passport Programme, the same shall be decided by arbitration. The arbitrator shall be the Managing Director, Hero Honda Motors Limited, or any person nominated by him. The arbitration shall be conducted as per the prevailing arbitration laws rules in New Delhi. Hero Honda Motors Limited shall not, in any way, be liable, or be under any obligation to the participant, if the Hero Honda Passport Programme is withdrawn or modified due to statutory enactments, and judicial/ quasi judicial orders. Hero Honda Motors Limited reserves the right to add, modify, withdraw or delete any of the rules, terms, conditions or the duration of the Hero Honda Passport Programme, with or without prior notice. How to use your Hero Honda Passport? Each time you visit an authorised Hero Honda dealership or service center, make sure that you carry your Hero Honda passport with you. Customer can accumulate points against purchase of spares, accessories and service at Hero Honda authorised dealerships / service centers. The Hero Honda passport will serve as a record book for keeping an account of the points accumulate by you. Each rupee you spend, at the dealership / service center, entitles you to one point. Customer can also earn bonus point when you come for a free service you visit the dealership ( at least thrice a year ), and make purchases worth Rs. 50 per visit.You refer your relatives and friends to purchase a hero Honda motorcycle. At the time of setting your bills, ensure that your Hero Honda passport is endorsed with the earned points. The more you earn your points, the more benefits you receive. What are the benefits of owning a hero Honda passport ? The accumulated points can be used to enjoy a host of special privileges and benefits from time to time. The moment customer receive its hero Honda passport, he is automatically covered for one year Accident Insurance RS 1 lakh. Customer become entitled for special rewards and discounts, the moment you accumulate the specified points, at any of the authorised hero Honda dealerships / service centers. Customer can also receive invitations to exclusive local events, such as movie shows, musical nights and carnivals. Periodic updates will be sent to you, from the hero Honda programmed center, with your point status. Special information and tips regarding your motorcycle, hero Honda Passport Program happenings and exclusive offers from other brands will also be sent to you along with the updates Hero Honda CRM programme Hero Honda has covered two million customers under passport programme. The passport programme builds enduring relationship with customer. It was rolled out nationally in 2001. According to the scheme, every rupee spent by the member translates into a reward point. These reward points can then be redeemed for gifts, the release adds. Hero Honda GoodLife Program We invite you to our Rishta Dil Ka bond to give us an opportunity to share what we have in store for you. All you need to be a resident Indian national, aged 18 years or above and you should be an owner of Hero Honda scooter or motorcycle to be a part of One of the largest customer relationship program in India. The Hero Honda GoodLife Program offers you great rewards, benefits and a range of exciting gifts, chosen especially for you. Becoming member of this exclusive program is simple and easy. All you need to be a resident Indian national, aged 18 years or above and you should be an owner of Hero Honda scooter or motorcycle. Simply follow the steps outlined below and you can start experiencing the privileges of being a member of Indias largest rewards program. Fill the fresh online application at the dealership. If you are a Hero Honda Passport member, kindly submit the Passport at the dealership. For three years membership and one year insurance cover pay a nominal membership fee of Rs. 150, or for three years membership and 3 years insurance cover pay Rs. 250. To know more call 1800112255 or write to us at [emailprotected] On successful enrolment, you will receive a Hero Honda GoodLife membership card which will help you earn points on all your spends at Hero Honda dealerships and service centres. You can accumulate points and redeem them for a range exciting milestone rewards. Rewards And Benefits The Hero Honda GoodLife Program is your very own passport to the good things of life. It brings you an easy to use privilege card that offers a host of special rewards and benefits. Providing you with fabulous returns on your spends, it is surely the most convenient way to complement your good life. Your world of rewards: WINNER OF THE MONTH REFERRAL POINTS FIRST TRANSACTION BENEFIT DISCOUNT ON SPARES ACCESSORIES POINTS EARNED ON MONEY SPENT FREE RIDERS PERSONAL INSURANCE GO GREEN SERVICE BONUS BONUS POINTS ON BIRTHDAY SPECIAL VALUE OFFERS Be A Hero Honda Good Rider Loyalty is demonstrated by the actions of the customer; customers can be very satisfied and still not be loyal. So, as a CRM strategy and for customer satisfaction they promoted themselves as Socially responsible company. Therefore as a socially responsible company they urgecustomers to join them in making this world a safer, healthier and more environment friendly place. At Hero Honda they like to promote the three Es. Engineering which is the right technology, specifically designed for Indian customer requirements, and road conditions. It is exemplified in the 4-stroke Hero Honda engines that give you amazing reliability and fuel-efficiency, year after year. We have always manufactures 4-stroke engines, ever since inception in 1985. Environment which is about ensuring that the high technology 4-stroke Hero Honda motorcycles continue to meet the most stringent pollution control norms at every level as they have since the very beginning. Education which is about promoting comfortable and safe driving, through a wide dealer network and service centres; as well as in educating people on road safety, in association with the traffic police and the transport department. Do remember that you and your family are not only riders, but pedestrian as well. It is as part of the Hero Honda family that We Care to drive home the message of Road Safety and a Healthy Environment. Your Hero Honda, the environment and you. It is a three-way relationship that you should nurture, to reap the benefits for years to come. A well tuned bike keeps the environment healthy. Good riding practices will keep you healthy. Taking good care of your bike will always keep your bike healthy. Here are simple steps to a healthy bike, healthy environment, and a healthy you. Health and Environment Safety Facts and Information Social Responsibility We are certain that you too will take pride in being a true Hero Honda Good Rider . Success of loyalty program to the Hero Honda For the success of loyalty programme the organisation have to answer these parameters. Identify the key processes in building a loyalty program Create and map the loyalty business case by engaging all internal stakeholders and getting executive-level sponsorship Gain maximum internal support that drives truly commercial performance Turn customer insights into actionable marketing strategies Apply advanced customer segmentation and propensity modeling techniques Implement various financial planning tools for your loyalty program Maximize the marketing ROI of relationship chain and branding with your loyalty program Confidently reap the rewards of the loyalty program and, demonstrate and justify the success of your loyalty program Conclusion Customer Satisfaction and loyalty plays a major role in developing and promoting the company. Customer loyalty is an important factor, which affects the Financial position and Goodwill of the company. Customer demands are dynamic, but its consideration is necessary for every company to make existence into the market. Loyalty programs are increasingly gaining popularity in the Asia Pacific region. And company uses the various loyalty programmes like Hero Honda Passport Programme in Hero Honda. It is the CRM initiative taken by the company to: Brand awareness of Hero Honda motor cycles. Know about the time in which customers usually purchases bikes. Know about the effect of promotional schemes on customers. Purchase pattern of customers To know about the media through which customers come to know about the bikes For database. Encourage, loyal buying behavior behavior which is potentially of benefit to the firm. So these all loyalty programmes are very helpful in success of HERO HONDA.

The Difference Between Men and Women Essay -- Men Women Compare Contra

The Difference Between Men and Women When they say opposites attract, they aren’t kidding! The difference between fondness and loathing of girls and boys are exceptionally vivid and apparent. After watching â€Å"The Notebook† for the six hundredth time, with tears streaming down her face, a girl can finally declare it as being her favorite movie, and maybe even deem it as the best production ever created. The clichà © motives of the woman always seem to involve love and a knight in shining armor. Naturally, every woman dreams about Mr. Right, and falling head over heels in love. This is why females are so vulnerable to passionate films. â€Å"My heart melted when I saw him kiss her like that.† Stereotyped as the hopeless romantics, girls live to love and be loved. Girls want relationships. Girls enjoy corny love movies. This is somewhat of an escape route for the girls, knowing that in reality, the average guy isn’t interested in a relationship, or falling in love. But for the sake of women, in the hours of our mourning, why not take advantage of the blockbusters while their...

Lotus Rental Car Assessment Essay

INTRODUCTION Adding alternative fuel vehicles to the fleet is essential to our environment, beneficial for our consumers, and potentially highly profitable for Lotus Rental Car. With the everlasting increase in fuel, the consumer is looking for alternative ways to save money on fuel and at the same time be conscious about the negative impact that fuel and diesel have in our environment. Alternative fuel vehicles have never been more popular in the U.S. and are becoming a major source for public transportation. Our community has become educated about the damaging effect in which gas and diesel vehicles have been causing our environment. These vehicles are more environmentally friendly and are typically more cost-effective to produce. Therefore, it has a great financial impact to the common family. Alternative fuel vehicles can help our consumers save money on gas while simultaneously impacting our environment in a positive and healthy way. If Lotus Rental Car is aggressive and proactive in the purchase of alternative fuel vehicles, it will become the first major rental car company to lead a successful path to the future. Lotus Rental Car will become the model company of the new rental car era. We will decrease expenses, expand the variety of a new customer base, increase revenues through the new continuous revenue stream and sponsors. As a result of your new and wise investment, our company’s market shares and profits will soar to a new company and industry records. A new division to our marketing department will be established to help promote the importance of renting from Lotus Rental Car. The marketing department will incorporate the benefit to our environment along with the potential savings to our consumers. The brand new marketing campaign and strategy will help promote our new vision. The alternative fuel market has few competitors, therefore, giving us the opportunity to add new customers to our company. We will be the first modern company to benefit from this rare opportunity to dramatically increase our revenue flow. ENVIRONMENT It does not take long to notice alternative fuel vehicles on the road everywhere you go. These type of vehicles are becoming the new trend in today’s evolving automotive industry. As a community and consumer, we are more educated on how we directly impact our environment, both in a negative and positive way. Our federal government has developed agencies and passed federal acts to ensure we limit the harm we do to our environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 and viewed as a necessary part of our federal government to help reduce our nation’s rising air pollution. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, â€Å"Transportation source emit greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change†¦In 2011, transportation represented approximately 27 percent of total U.S. GHG emissions† (â€Å"Transportation†, 2011). In other words, we will have a significant impact in reducing the greenhouse gases being emitted into our atmosphere. The EPA has been credited with significantly improving our air quality. In 1997, the Clean Air Act was passed to control and reduce ozone pollution. The Clean Air Act is essentially a fuel control measure to assist our local states in helping reduce our ozone pollution. Alternative fuel is significantly cleaner than conventional gasoline and provides significant reductions of certain compounds that contribute to air pollution and ozone pollution. According to Aaron Windecker and Adam Ruder (2013), â€Å"Emissions were reduced by adopting alternative fuel vehicles† (p.40). Their research concluded that alternative  fuel vehicles that were added to vehicle fleets had reduced emission that harm our environment. In today’s new automotive industry, we can see how these measures have greatly impacted our communities and businesses. Almost all major ports are transitioning to alternative fuel vehicles. In the Long Beach and Los Angeles Ports, traditional diesel semi-trucks are no longer allowed access. In 2008, the Los Angeles Port established the Clean Truck Program to assist the Clean Air Act. This program targeted major sources of air emissions and incorporated a ban on polluting trucks. All pre-1989 trucks were banned from entering the port. Research conducted by the Clean Air Act showed that â€Å"In its first year, the program reduced the rate of port truck emissions by an estimated 70 percent, and when fully implemented in 2012, the emissions were reduced by 80 percent† (â€Å"Portoflosangeles.org†, 2014). This is just a small example of how one port can positively impact the environment. A comparable impact can be accomplished here at Lotus Rental Car. By altering our fleet to provide more alternative fuel vehicles to our consumers, we will be contributing to our environment by improving our current air quality, ozone layer and reducing toxic air pollutants. Transportation agencies are also transitioning to alternative fuel vehicles. Buses being operated by diesel and gas are being phased out and being replaced with environmentally friendly fueled vehicles. Our local cities are purchasing alternative fuel vehicles and are incorporating them into their general use, such as for police detectives and forensic units. There is not a negative impact to our environment if we change our fleet to be more diverse and environmentally friendly. CONSUMER In today’s changing market, traditional fuel sourced vehicles such as gasoline and diesel are no longer fulfilling the needs of every customer. â€Å"Vehicles and the fuel it takes to power them, are an essential part of our American infrastructure and economy, moving people and goods across the country† (Department of Energy, p. 1, 2014, October). Expanding our  market-share in the leasing of vehicles will require a more diversified lineup. We want our customers to understand that at Lotus, we are not thinking just about profit for our company; Lotus is also concerned with the moral values of each customer. Once we introduce our new fleet of vehicles which will include an alternative fuel source vehicle, we will be ahead of our competitors, and our growth will occur as projected. Doing our best to provide a full selection of rental cars including alternate fuel source vehicles will satisfy and meet the demands of today’s consumer. As the technology improves, more people are becoming aware of how traditional fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel harm the environment. Today’s consumers are concerned with these harmful effects, and wish to do something positive about it. â€Å"Alternative energy sources and technologies can play a vital role in lowering or eliminating our reliance on fossil fuels† (Kouroussis, D., & Karimi, S. 2006, August p 346). By providing alternative fuel vehicles, we are allowing our environmentally conscious consumers a means of transportation in which they save money in fuel costs and reduces the spread of air pollution. Those consumers will generate more business for us by sharing their rental experiences with both their colleagues and family. Everyone wants a healthy environment for the future generations. Traditionally fueled vehicles will no longer make up the majority of all vehicles being currently rented and operated today. Yes, technology is changing daily, and scientists that work for the U.S. government are still developing ways to both increase fuel efficiently and reduce harmful emissions. However, we do not know when the next breakthrough in technology will become available to the market; Lotus needs to utilize the current technology today. The risk of incorporating alternative fuel source vehicles is one which Lotus needs to consider. Let us be the first rental company that offers a wider selection of vehicles by including the alternative fuel vehicles. This action will give our environmental conscious consumers a better feeling of spending their money with a company that aligns with their morals. Traditional fuel sources such as gasoline and diesel fuel may be a thing of the past, let us move forward into the future today. COST The initial cost of adding alternative fuel vehicles to the Lotus Rental Car fleet would be substantial. Generating revenue through selling additional shares on the stock market could have a negative effect if we do not show a profit after the first quarter in which we introduce a new fleet. There is only one other car rental agency that rents alternative fuel vehicles, which means we would have minimal competition in the industry. The United States currently has about 250,000 natural gas vehicles on the road today (â€Å"Cngnow.com†, 2014). Within the next ten years, that number is expected to increase by more than 200 percent. Not only do consumers want to buy eco-friendly cars, but they also want to rent them. Our proposed expansion shows this is the best time to invest in the alternative fuel industry. Research tells us there is a large market, and we would expect to see a substantial profit from our investments. Adding new alternative fuel cars to our fleet will increase our customer percentage. Our new customer growth is expected to increase by 30 percent. Traditionally, more than half of new customers become long-term loyal customers. There is already a need to replace a large percentage of aging Lotus Rental Cars. This would be a great opportunity to retire some of the aging vehicles and implement the new alternative fuel vehicles to our new fleet. Replacing older vehicles as they phase out would cut cost while adapting to a more eco-friendly consumer service. Nearly three-quarters of drivers would consider an alternative fuel vehicle for their next car (â€Å"Consumersunion.org†, 2012). We believe renting is no different than buying. A fleet of twelve new vehicles per lot would cost Lotus Rental Car Company approximately $420,000. After one year, we would have all the cars paid off, therefore, a large portion of the rental fees would be primarily profitable revenue. It truly is a great long term investment in the company where the potential growth could exceed previous rental car records. After the first quarter with our new fleet, there could be a potential of a 100 percent growth rate by the end of the year. By gaining a competitive edge on the fact that we are the only company in our region to offer this service, it appears the pros significantly outweigh the cons. According to Natural Gas Vehicles for America, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) currently costs approximately $2.13 per gallon compared with approximately $3.90 for gasoline (Keys, 2012, p.1). As being significantly more cost effective per gallon, CNG vehicles also go farther distances per gallon, which is even more of an incentive to consumers that have to fill up their rental car. Not only are you saving the environment but you are also saving the money in your consumer’s wallet. By not investing in natural gas vehicles, we would lose out on substantial tax credits in which the government is currently offering. If we switch over by December 31, we will save 25 percent on the total purchase price per vehicle. By all of these pros outweighing the cons, there is no reason we should not already have bought these natural gas vehicles. CONCLUSION If Lotus Rental Car transitioned towards purchasing a large number of alternative fuel vehicles, it would lead the rental car industry in the largest transition of this industry’s history. Consumers and sponsors would view Lotus Rental Car as environmentally friendly and the new leader in the industry. Our goal is that Lotus Rental Car will become one of the most profitable businesses while being environmentally and consumer friendly. There are no glaring drawbacks to our valuable environment, and both the consumer and our company can benefit from the savings. Let Lotus Rental Car make the successful investment today to modernize and lead the automotive industry towards alternative fuel vehicles. REFERENCES consumersunion.org. (2012). Retrieved from https://consumersunion.org/news/consumer- reports-survey-americans-say-fuel-economy-most-important-car-buying-factor/ cngnow.com. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.cngnow.com/vehicles/consumer- vehicles/Pages/information.aspx Department of Energy, (2014, October). _Vehicles_. Retrieved from http://energy.gov/public-services/vehicles epa.gov. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov Keys, R. (2012). Southwestern energy touts CNG. Arkansas Business, 29(20), 20. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1019740298?accountid=458 Kouroussis, D., & Karimi, S. (2006, August). Alternative Fuels in Transportation. _Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 26_(02770), 346-355. Retrieved from http://bst.sagepub.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/content/26/4/346 portoflosangeles.org. (2014). Retrieved from http://portoflosangeles.org Windecker, A., & Ruder, A. (2013, August). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, _23_, 34-40.

Ethics and Morality Essay

I’m Researching†¦ Saved Recents Uploads My Answers Account Products Home Essays Drive Answers Texty About Company Legal Site Map Contact Us Advertise  ©2016 Ethics and Morality Ethics, Morality, Philosophy Mar 7, 2008 3604Words 791Views PAGE 1 OF 9 Abstract The paper delves into the topic of ethics and morality. It would try to understand the concept of ethics and morality and the difference between the two concepts. In the paper I would analyse what motivates human behaviour and choices and why those choices can never always be moral and ethical. I will analyse some ethical and moral theories that provide guidelines for ethical human behaviour and critically assess them with the aid of real life examples, to determine whether it is possible to have universally applicable rules that help humans to decide if a decision requires ethical/moral considerations or not. The paper would aim to prove that it is the needs of humans which may be at times materialistic and at other times spiritual, that govern their course of action. As no two humans have similar needs and similar means to fulfil their needs, to straitjacket decisions into moral/ethical and rational is virtually impossible. Introduction â€Å"The temptation to set aside ethical standards is always present, because the gains are so large for the individual who decides to work outside the rules. † From The High Price of Low Ethics How Corruption Imperils American Entrepreneurship and Democracy Carl J. Schramm, PhD, JD President and CEO, The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation There is no doubt that to succeed in life today, one has to be shrewd, aggressive and practical. We see all around us that the struggle for existence forces humans to sideline issues of right and wrong and makes them focus only on achieving the ends with little or no consideration to the means employed. Does this mean that humans have become inherently immoral and unethical? No. Humans cannot be blind to morality and ethics. According to Aristotle, humans are social animals. For them to be perfectly happy, they have to be a part of a society that is also happy (Yrjonsuuri 2004). This means that humans, who are biologically selfish, need to consider the interests of the society and be aware of the morality of their choices. But do we understand what ethics and morals are? Ethics are not the same as feelings as some people feel good even when they do something criminal (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are not religion, as many people are not religious, but ethics apply to all (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are also not law as law can become ethically corrupt as some totalitarian regimes have made it (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are not about following culturally accepted norms as cultures can sometimes become corrupt, and neither is ethics science (Marrakula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Then what exactly are ethics and morals? How do we know that we are being faced with an ethical and moral choice rather than an ordinary one? Telling the truth is considered morally right, but if our truth hurts someone should we tell the truth? Can humans be ethical and moral at all times? How many of us know people who would have been influenced by their morals to hide Jews from the Nazis at the expense of their lives? Would the people who preferred to save their own lives be considered immoral? Such questions that concern the right behaviour for humans have been a subject of debate for centuries because it is believed that there is no right answer for such questions. What may feel right to one individual or organization may be considered immoral in another society. This paper would try to analyse the concept of morality and ethics, and their importance in the life of human beings, with an objective to understand whether it is possible to develop universal rules in decision making that can make it easier for humans to take decisions that are acceptable to the society and their conscious. Discussion The word Ethics comes from the Greek word ethos which means moral character or custom. The word Morality comes from the Latin word moralis which means custom or manner (Perle n. d. ). ?Both the words deal with the customs or the manner in which people do things. Their modern meanings relate to the way people act – either good or bad, or right or wrong’ (Perle n. d. ). So, if people often use the two words as if they have the same meaning, it should be no surprise. ?While we may often use the two terms interchangeably, morals are generally understood to be the principles of right and wrong, whereas ethics involve an entire system of moral issues and focuses on right and wrong behaviour’ (Eastwood et al. 2006). Morality is an individual’s perception of right and wrong which may be in disagreement with another individual’s perception. Nevertheless, every individual’s morality influences the values of the society. Ethics is the product of those collective moral values of all the individuals in the society (The oracle education foundation n. d). ?The distinction between ethics and morality can be demonstrated by using the analogy of a conversation. If one imagines that ethics is a conversation that has arisen to answer the question, â€Å"What should a person do? â€Å", then moralities are the voices in that conversation’ (St. James Ethics centre n. d. ). Morality and ethics talk about right and wrong behaviour. But what should be the standard of deciding what is right and what is wrong? Kant proposed a test for personal duty and good willing which eliminates self interest and helps decide whether an action is ethically correct (Eastwood et al. 2006). The test requires an individual to ask himself whether he would be willing to have everyone in the world under similar circumstances behave in exactly the same manner (Eastwood et al. 2006). This is the Categorical Imperative, which states that an act can be judged right or wrong only if everyone in the world will act in the same way or come to the same decision under similar circumstances (Eastwood et al. 2006). But decision making is rarely an easy process. In our lives, we face situations where we have to take decisions to achieve some desired objective(s) with minimum negative consequences. Decision making becomes even more complicated when our needs are in conflict with each other. Humans have broadly two categories of needs which guide their decisions, viz. deficiency needs associated with physiological needs, which are determined by life processes, like survival, reproduction, nourishment etc, and growth needs associated with psychological needs which are outside the life processes and differentiate humans from other creatures, like creativity, spontaneity, self actualization etc. (Maslow, 1943). Schlozberg in his essay analysed that according to Arendt, our needs of life and the life process are fulfilled through ordinary decision making which is rational in nature. As the number of the ordinary decisions that need to be made in our daily lives are so large, our mind often takes them in a routine and habitual manner, through the aids of customs and habits (cited in Schlozberg n. d. ). The way individuals will greet each other, their behaviour towards their seniors etc are examples of some of the decisions which are taken without a thought to any values that we may cherish. But, ordinary decision making while being useful in daily life, is ill fitted for moral and ethical decision making (cited in Schlozberg n. d. ). Our other set of needs that stem from outside the life processes, require us to often take heed of moral and ethical issues and negate the presence of rationality. Let us take the example of Siebel Edmonds, who worked as a FBI translator. ?Edmonds was fired from her position as a language specialist at the FBI’s Washington Field Office in March, 2002, after she accused a colleague of covering up illicit activity involving foreign nationals, alleging serious acts of security breaches, cover-ups, and intentional blocking of intelligence which, she contended, presented a danger to the United States’ security’ (Wikipedia 2005). If we try to analyze her act, it can be said that her decision to report the misconduct to higher authorities at the expense of her job was not rational rather a decision governed by her moral values. If Edmonds had placed her survival before all other needs, she would have made an ordinary rational decision, rather than an extraordinary moral decision which she eventually made. However, if we analyse Edmond’s moral decision from the point of view of deontology, we may argue that her decision may have been rational! From a deontological point of view, something is moral/ethical not because of its consequences, but is moral/ethical because the motive or intent is good with no ulterior motive attached (Russo n. d. ). So, to actually bracket Siebel Edmonds decision as a moral decision and not a rational decision, it is important to know whether her intention was to exemplify herself as a model employee and be promoted, or was she actually concerned about US security? True moral/ethical choices cannot be rational choices. It is only an individual who can decide whether his/her need falls under the realm of life process or arises out of extra-natural conditions. Understanding of this aspect will help him/her take an ordinary decision bordering on rationality or a value laden decision based on morality and ethics. Human beings and organizations are forever being presented with opportunities in life where they have to take such decisions. We all know that the primary objective of a business organization is to increase the market value of the company. The board of directors thus are often known to resort to any means to achieve the objective which is rational for the organization’s growth. Economics and morality/ethics do not mix, and we end up seeing instances of insider trading, industrial espionage etc. in the business world. But on the other hand, the organizations also have a need to be respected in the society so that people trust them. When an organization takes a decision keeping their social responsibilities in mind, they may take decisions which are ethical and moral in the true sense. Let us take the example of the cosmetic company,† The Body Shop†. ?Body Shop was regarded as amongst the first firms in the world to publish a proper report on its social responsibility initiatives. In addition to social activism, internal audit programs were conducted at Body Shop for environmental protection, health and safety at work, and the monitoring of â€Å"Against Animal Testing Policy† ? (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). All this indicates that the objective of Body Shop was to develop an organization in sync with certain moral and ethical values. However recently, Body Shop was acquired by L’Oreal and faced severe criticism for the same. Some analysts believed that ? L’Oreal did not share the principles of Body Shop, and that this acquisition had removed the biggest supporter of ethically sourced beauty care products from the market’ (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). Analyst also believed that Ms Roddick, the owner of Body Shop, ? sold out’ to the very organization she fought against (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). Why did Body Shop allow itself to be acquired by L’Oreal? It may be argued that the decision of selling Body Shop to L’Oreal was probably a rational business decision, taken presumably because Body Shop was operating at a loss and the money that Ms. Roddick was offered by L’Oreal was too tempting to resist. Clearly, whatever may be the reason behind the decision, morality/ethics does not seem to be one of them! Thus it can be said that humans or at a macro level organizations, take decisions governed by their needs and the desired outcomes. As the example of Body Shop illustrates, sometimes decisions are rational and sometimes ethical/moral. Thus, to expect that all decisions made by an individual or an organization will at all times be moral and ethical is unrealistic. So what kinds of decisions should always be ethical? And when should we decide to take decisions based on our morality? Morals come into play when an individual decides to make a personal choice, whereas ethics come into play when an individual decides to make a choice as a representative of a social group (organization, doctors, lawyers etc. ). Nevertheless, both ethics and morals help individuals to decide between the right and wrong, and thus have similar benchmarks for deciding the kind of decisions that should be moral/ethical. According to the Utilitarian theory, any decision that has the potential of harming the maximum number of people while benefiting just a few, should be decided ethically so that maximum good and least harm is done (Andre et al. 1996). Other philosophers who follow the Rights Approach suggest that if our actions tend to violate the rights of humans, then the decision should be made on ethical grounds so that rights of humans are protected (Andre et al. 1996). The Greek Philosophers believed in a common good approach, which suggested that certain conditions in the society are shared amongst all humans, so all are decisions that are important for the welfare of everyone should be based on ethical reasoning (Andre et al. 1996). A very ancient approach to ethics is that ethical actions ought to be consistent with certain ideal virtues that provide for the full development of our humanity. The virtue ethics asks of any action, â€Å"What kind of person will I become if I do this? † or â€Å"Is this action consistent with my acting at my best? † (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). In essence virtue approach suggests that all the decisions that we take in our life are required to be based on ethics and morality. These different approaches give us a broad outline of the type of decisions that should be considered ethical or moral. However in the real world there will always be an uncertainty on whether a decision should be made on ethical/moral grounds or not. If a decision benefits maximum people and harms only the organization, will the company take the ethical decision? Not necessarily. It did not stop Nestle from sourcing its cocoa from the Ivory Coast where bonded labours and children were used in the plantations (Harkins et al. 2005). If we follow the rights approach, then we may not all agree to the same set of human and civil rights (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). And then there is the question of who decides what constitutes common good? Also not all the approaches answer the question, â€Å"what is ethical/moral? † in the same way (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). Nevertheless, the above theories do give us an idea of the kind of decisions that should ideally be made on ethical and moral grounds. If we believe that a decision could be damaging to the community, violates the rights of others, or makes us feel guilty, it is a decision that ideally requires ethical/moral considerations. But eventually, in the real world it is the needs of the humans and organizations that would determine their choice. Conclusion ?There are no natural morals or ethics’ (Saxena 2003). Humans are animals who have natural survival instincts and are programmed for the sole aim of survival and proliferation (Saxena 2003). But as Aristotle said, humans are not like other animals, they are social animals, who belong to a social setup where the principles of survival of the fittest do not always operate (Saxena 2003). Humans need to curb their survival instincts to sustain the society and the social structures (Saxena 2003). These restrictions take the form of moral and ethics (Saxena 2003). Morals and ethics are thus the social survival instincts visible in human beings, which guide him/her to live a righteous socially acceptable life (Saxena 2003). Unfortunately, the survival instincts of humans often conflict with their ethics and morality, making it difficult for them to always follow the righteous path. Humans are thus forever performing a balancing act to survive with a clear conscience. For instance, most of the tobacco companies while promoting smoking are known to make huge donations to various philanthropic causes, presumably to appease their moral and ethical values while simultaneously pursuing their business interests! (Campaign for tobacco-free kids 2006). As long as individuals have worldly needs and desires, they cannot be realistically expected to be moral and ethical at all times. Although there are various moral and ethical theories which suggest the right path, it is eventually an individual’s needs and desired outcomes that guide the path that he chooses. No two situations are similar in this world, and only the people who have to take the decision understand their environment, their needs and the approach (ethical/moral, or rational) that will best suit them. So although the philosopher’s of the world can guide moral and ethical behaviour, it is an individual himself who can realistically define them and decide what kinds of decisions should always be ethical/moral for him. Fortunately not all decisions require humans to be moral and ethical. Most of our decisions are based on customs and habits that are accepted in our society and thus do not require us to consider moral and ethical repercussions. What to eat? How to dress? How to behave with elders, are some examples of such decisions which we take mechanically on a regular basis. Alas, only one decision, â€Å"What is the right thing to do? † leaves us humans struggling for an answer! References Andre, C. , DeCosse, D. , Hanson, O. K. , McLean, M. R. , Meyer, M. J. , Moberg, D. , Shanks, T. , Velasquez, M. 1988, ? A Framework for thinking ethically’, Product of dialogue and debate at the Markkula center for applied ethics at Santa Clara University, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, California, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework. html Andre, C. , Meyer, M. J. , Shanks, T. , Velasquez, M. 1996, Thinking Ethically: A Framework for moral decision making, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, California, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. scu. edu/ethics/publications/iie/v7n1/thinking. html Behind the smokescreen. 2006, Behind the Smokescreen, Campaign for Tobacco-free kids, Washington D. C, viewed 7 April 2007, http://tobaccofreekids. org/reports/smokescreen/philanthropy. shtml Damon, T. 2000, Defining Ethics and Morality, American Sign Language Interpreting Resources, USA, viewed 10 March 2007, http://asl_interpreting. tripod. com/ethics/dt1. htm Eastwood, K. , Lamsa, A. ,M. & Sakkinen, A. 2006, About Ethics and values in Business Education-A cross cultural perspective, Business and Organization Ethics Network, viewed 14 March 2007, http://ejbo. jyu. fi/index. cgi? page=articles/0301_2 Garee, M. , L. & Schori, T. , R. n. d. , Ethics and Morality in Business, The public reader, viewed 4 April 2007,http://www. fortunecity. com/marina/anchor/1976/id91. htm Harkins, T. & Engel, E. L. 2005, Taking Child slavery out of Valentine’s day, International Center on Child Labor and Education, Washington DC, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. iccle. org/newsletter_children/0502/i Jones, J. n. d. , On the distinction between Ethics and Morality, Raritan Valley Community College, New Jersey, viewed 10 March 2007, http://rvcc2. raritanval. edu/~scieng/eandm. html Josephson, M. 2002, Making Ethical Decisions, Josephson Institute of Ethics, California, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. josephsoninstitute. org/MED/MED-intro+toc. htm Lichtman, J. 2004, What do you stand for? , Scribblers Ink, Canada Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. 2007, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Wikipedia, USA, viewed 4 April 2007, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Maslow’s_hierarchy_of_needs O’Connor, T. 2007, Theories of Moral and Ethical Behaviour, Megalinks in Criminal Justice, viewed 7 April 2007,http://www. apsu. edu/oconnort/3300/3300lect01a. htm Perle, S. n. d. , Morality and Ethics: An introduction, Chiroweb. com, USA, viewed 10 March 2007, http://www. chiroweb. com/archives/22/06/16. html Russo,M. S. n. d. , Deontology and its discontents : A brief overview of Kant’s ethics, Molloy College, New York, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. molloy. edu/sophia/kant/deontology. htm Saxena, R. , K. 2003, Biology, Morals and Dharma, Geeta-Kavita. com, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. geeta-kavita. com/article. asp? article=biology_morals_dharma Shlozberg, R. n. d. , The trouble with moral decision making : when rational choice judgement meets Hannah Arendt, Canadian Political Science Association, Canada, viewed 26 March 2007,www. cpsa-acsp. ca/papers-2006/Shlozberg. pdf Siebel Edmonds. 2005, Siebel Edmonds, Wikipedia, USA, viewed 7 April, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sibel_Edmonds Swinton, L. n. d. , Ethical Decision Making: How to make ethical decisions in 5 steps, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. mftrou. com/ethical-decision-making. html The Body Shop- Social Responsibility or sustained greenwashing. 2006, The Body Shop-Social Responsibility or sustained greenwashing, ICFAI Center for Management Research, India, viewed 12 March 2007, http://www. icmr. icfai. org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Ethics/BECG067. htm The Oracle Education Foundation, California, viewed 10 March 2007, http://library. thinkquest. org/12160/defin. htm What is ethics?. n. d. , What is Ethics? , St. James Ethics centre, Australia, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. ethics. org. au/about-ethics/what-is-ethics/ethical-decision-making. html Value based decision making. 2003, Value based decision making, Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Missouri USA, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. kauffman. org/signatureseries/VBDM. cfm Yrjonsuuri, M. 2004, Morality and Selfishness, viewed 7 April 2007,

Help With Sugar Crystal Growing Problems

Help With Sugar Crystal Growing Problems Sugar crystals or rock candy are among the safest crystals to grow (you can eat them!), but they arent always the easiest crystals to grow. If you live in a humid or warm climate, you may need a little extra advice to get things going. There are two techniques for growing sugar crystals. The most common one involves making a saturated sugar solution, hanging a rough string in the liquid, and waiting for evaporation to concentrate the solution to the point where crystals start to form on the string. The saturated solution could be made by adding sugar to hot water until it starts to accumulate in the bottom of the container and then using the liquid (not the sugar at the bottom) as your crystal growing solution. This method tends to produce crystals over the course of a week or two. It fails if you live someplace where the air is so humid that evaporation is very slow or if you place the container in a location where the temperature fluctuates (like a sunny windowsill) so that the sugar stays in solution. If you have had problems with the simple method, heres what you need to do. Grow a seed crystal.The other way to get a seed crystal is to break one off from a piece of rock candy or other sugar crystal. Use a simple knot to tie the seed crystal onto some nylon line (dont use rough thread if you have a seed crystal). When you suspend the crystal in the solution you want it to be completely covered, yet not touching the sides or bottom of the container.Supersaturate your crystal solution.You need as much sugar as possible to dissolve into solution. Increasing the temperature dramatically increases the amount of sugar that will dissolve, so you can get a lot more sugar into boiling water than in hot tap water, for example. Boil the water and stir in more sugar than will dissolve. Its a good idea to pour the solution through a coffee filter to make sure no undissolved sugar remains in the crystal growing solution. You can use this solution as-is or you can let it evaporate for a day or so until you see crystals start to form on the container. If you choose to ev aporate off some of the liquid, reheat it and filter it before introducing the seed crystal. Cool the solution slowly.Sugar becomes much less soluble as the temperature falls from boiling to room temperature or refrigerator temperature. You can use this characteristic to stimulate quick crystal growth. The trick is to allow the solution to cool slowly because if a sugar solution cools very quickly it tends to become supersaturated. This means solutions that cool quickly will become highly concentrated rather than grow crystals. You can slow the cooling of your solution by setting the whole crystal growing container inside a pot of near-boiling water. Either seal the crystal growing container so that no water gets in or else make sure the sides of the crystal container are tall enough that water wont get inside. Let the whole setup slowly drop down to room temperature. Sugar crystals grow slowly so while you might see growth within a couple of hours, it could take a couple of days to be visible. Once the solution has slowly dropped to room temperature, you could continue to t ake it down to the temperature of the refrigerator (if the container will fit inside). If you suspend a seed crystal in a sufficiently saturated solution, you may get crystal growth over a few hours by controlling the cooling of the solution. Therefore, even if you live someplace where you can use the evaporation method for growing sugar crystals, you may want to give this method a go.

How Design Can Help Improve Branding Essay Example

How Design Can Help Improve Branding Essay Example How Design Can Help Improve Branding Essay How Design Can Help Improve Branding Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: How Design Can Help Improve Branding Different companies have specific images or phrases that identify with their brand. Graphic designers are involved in the creation of these communication material that consumers use to identify different brands. Graphic designers, though at the bottom of this business chain, can influence the communication their brands make by emphasizing on the integrity of their graphic works. Advertisements and logos designed by graphic designers are supposed to communicate the real value and state of the brand being advertised. Realism has to be brought to product branding because before the customer decides to acquire that branded product, all they relate to is the brand logo or phrase design. Reality branding seeks to engage the company heads in designing the outcome of their brand logo and phrases. Designers must seek the actual truth about the state and reputation of a company before engaging themselves in designing their brand logo, phrases, brochures or advertisements. The real information has to be communicated to the interested parties. If a company is local, for example, designers should not portray them as being regional or global in their advertisements. All information in the adverts should be relevant. Design communication should be honest and communicate in a down-to-earth way. Reality branding designing stipulates that designers allow for criticism in their design process. Designers should question the internal indiscipline of brands and inform the management to correct these before portraying a better image of them. Reality branding should point out the real responsibilities of the brand to its customers. Personalities used in advertising should communicate the â€Å"personality† of these brands to their target market. Social networking advertisement removes the barrier between the individual in the ground and the company at the top. Communication on these networks should also employ reality branding.

Improving your hiring process, according to a former Google recruiter

Improving your hiring process, according to a former Google recruiter For years, Google has been considered kind of a gold standard in the tech recruiting and hiring field. It’s not just the lavish cafeteria or the geek-utopia vibe that has made the company such a giant and lasting success- much of the credit goes to smart hiring strategies and implementing an adaptive approach. If you’re looking to make your organization more Google-esque in your hiring (regardless of what field you’re in), former Google recruiter Kevin Grice has some fantastic insight into what you can do on a practical level.â€Å"Recognize your unconscious biases.†Most organizations have come in line with non-discriminatory policies that seek to eliminate blatant bias in hiring. But no matter how strict those policies are, or how conscious we are of hiring a qualified person without regard for their personal gender, religion, or race, unconscious bias will likely always come into play. For example, studies have found that people with identifiably ethnic names receive fewer interviews. And while unconscious bias means (by its very nature) that we don’t know exactly why we’re rejecting a person, it’s important to be aware that it exists and to evaluate whether it could be at play in any given step of the process.According to Grice, using systematic, consistent interviews is one way to limit bias. After all, if every candidate is answering the same questions at the same point in the process, it’s less likely that you’re asking a particular question because you have made an assumption about the interviewee. It also makes your job easier when it comes to evaluate and differentiate each candidate.â€Å"Don’t look for your doppelganger.†Speaking of bias, according to Grice, people tend to be drawn toward others who remind them of themselves, and organizations want to bring in people who fit in with a particular vibe. It’s basic human nature, which means it will inevitably come into play during the hiring process. And unfortunately, a philosophy of I like you because you remind me of myself leads to less diversity in your talent pool. With increased diversity a non-negotiable goal for so many organizations, specifically looking for people with different backgrounds or experiences is a way to increase that diversity throughout the hiring process.â€Å"Research the person you’re interviewing.†Just about every candidate who comes through your door for an interview will have spent time prepping for it: researching your company, reading up on the job description, tailoring their resume to the job. It’s not only common courtesy to do some prep work yourself, but also, according to Grice, an opportunity to show off your well-oiled organizational brand to your potential new hire.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});That means not only researching the candidate so that you can ask substantive questions, but also ensuring that everyone on your interview panel is well-versed on the candidate as well. Grice recommends â€Å"digging a little deeper,† going beyond the standard checks of public social media profiles. A person’s past writing online, videos, etc., can help give you a fuller sense of the candidate- much more than a cursory read of their resume 10 minutes before the interview.â€Å"Be present.†Grice recommends giving all of your attention to an interview. We live in a multitasking world, but stepping away from email for an hour and focusing attention on a candidate not only ensures that you’re getting the most out of this conversation with a potential new hire, but that you’re also being a good ambassador for your o rganization. â€Å"I’m sorry, I really need to take this† or â€Å"I’m just finishing this email really quick† is rarely a mortal insult to an interviewee, but it does convey a message of, â€Å"this is not my top priority right now, sorry.†Whether your organization is a media conglomerate or a small business, Grice’s experience and insights show that all it takes to improve your hiring and interviewing skills are a few mindful, common-sense tweaks that can make all the difference.

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Molecular and ellular Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Molecular and ellular Biology - Essay Example Genes may be incorporated into bacteria, plants or animals. In this process recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology is used to incorporate gene of interest into organisms and that organism in which gene is inserted is said to be genetically engineered. Through this process off springs with unique characters are produced. Recombinant DNA is also referred to as Chimera. By the combination of two different strands of DNA a new strand of DNA is obtained. The first step in genetic engineering involved the production of hormone insulin which is important and helps the cells to properly absorb sugar. In recombinant DNA technology recombinant DNA is made by splicing a small fragment of a foreign DNA into a small molecule that can replicate on its own such as bacterial plasmid as a result a clone of inserted DNA can be obtained. AN organism that receives a foreign DNA is called transgenic organism and these organisms can be used in research or in commercial applications such as production of human insulin in transgenic bacteria (which receives genes from human responsible for the production of insulin). This application gives the idea that how important DNA recombinant technology is.(Recombinant DNA technology). Two classes of enzymes play an important role in DNA recombinant technology. Restriction endonucleases: They recognize specific sites on DNA and cleave DNA at that site into smaller fragments. DNA ligases: They link the foreign DNA with the vector DNA. Cloning of DNA involves the following steps: 1: First step in making recombinant DNA is to isolate donor and vector DNA. 2: Cloning vector is cleaved with restriction endonucleases. 3: gene of interest is obtained by cleaving chromosome of foreign DNA with the same restriction endonuclease into smaller fragments. 4: Fragments are ligated to the cloning vector by DNA ligase as a result a recombinant vector is obtained. 5: This recombinant DNA is introduced into the host cell where it replicates and produces copies of recombinant DNA. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry fourth edition). Recombinant DNA technology in the synthesis of insulin: Insulin is an important hormone which regulates the storage of carbohydrates in the body. It is secreted by the beta cells present in the pancreas islets of langerhans. Insulin is a small protein and is composed of two polypeptide chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. When blood glucose level is high insulin is secreted into the blood stream and removes excess of glucose from the body. Human insulin is the only known protein which can be produced in bacteria by DNA recombinant technology in a way that its structure and composition resembles the original molecule. In diabetes patients problems are associated with the production of insulin due to which sugar increases to dangerous levels which could be life threatening. These patients are treated with insulin which is produced in another organism. Although insulin can be produced in animals whose insulin resembles human insulin in terms of composition with minor variations like bovine and porcine insulin but, it was observed that when bovine and porcine insulin were injected into the patient’s body antibodies were produced against them thereby, neutralizing it’s action and producing inflammatory response at the site of injection. These problems suggest that a suitable vector like E.coli could be used to produce insulin. E.coli is a common inhabi tant of the human digestive tract and is a key organism used in the production of insulin by genetic engineering. Following are the steps involved in the production of insulin from a bacterial host. 1: Isolate gene: The gene that produces insulin in human is isolated and is

The effectiveness of the registered nurse managing the urinary Research Paper

The effectiveness of the registered nurse managing the urinary catheter in the adult patient. Proposal Phase - Research Paper Example Secondary data collection shall therefore be the major procedure to be used by the researcher. This is perfectly appropriate because there are several existing research works on urinary catheter that can supply the researcher with adequate and sufficient data. This notwithstanding, there shall also be primary data collection procedures. Primary data collection involves the collection of firsthand data directly by the researcher. The general steps that will be undertaken will involve the collection of data on registered nurses in the site area regarding their treatment to patients with urinary catheter. Data on the progress rate of patients as well as any reported side effects with the urinary catheter shall be collected. Hospital records and forms shall therefore be the major research instruments to use. After collecting such data, the researcher shall present all of it and use existing literature to give interpretation to the data collected. The researcher expects that the outcome o f the data collection will lead to the need to design an intervention to educate nurses further on urinary catheter. After the intervention, another set of data shall be taken on improvement rate of patients. The researcher expects that the outcome will this time round be better than before.... After the intervention, another set of data shall be taken on improvement rate of patients. The researcher expects that the outcome will this time round be better than before. Researcher’s Credentials The researcher is rightly matched for this research work. This is because the researcher is well vested in issues of urinary catheter. As a health science student, who has undertaken several clinical and on job tasks in major hospitals and clinics that practice with urinary catheter, the research has the needed knowledge in the interpretation of data and other records that will be collected from the research site. What is more, the researcher has been part of a group of researchers who have been tasked with analyzing over six previous research works on urinary catheter. This means that the researcher is privileged to needed secondary sources of data to make the qualitative research analysis more authentic and reliable. Finally, as a student, the researcher has shown consistency w ith grades in nursing care. This means that the researcher is a suitable candidate for carrying out the intended interventions in the research site area. Site & Population This is a typical clinical research that demands the use of complicated equipment, access to health records and data, and realistic personnel to supply data and information. This means that the site of the research will best be constituted at a place where the researcher shall be assured of the needed equipment, health records and personnel. To this end, an intensive care unit was chosen. The researcher is hopeful that the intensive care unit has all needed equipment on urinary catheter and records of patients, both past and present. What is more,

Outcome studies of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention Essay

Outcome studies of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention - Essay Example population, in any given year and women are twice as likely to be affected. Learning how to deal with anxiety requires management of the mind to handle things in proper order, and this is the emphasis of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT treatment had been popularly used by many healthcare professionals, psychotherapists, and counselors in managing GAD and its efficiency had been proven in many clinical-based studies conducted by reliable researchers. To begin with, anxiety, according to the National Institute of Mental Health or NIMH (2011), is a normal reaction to stress. It helps the person cope with the different situations in life but once it becomes an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, it has become a disabling disorder (NIMH, 2011). Among the five major types of anxiety disorders [Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Social Phobia (or Social Anxiety Disorder)] , GAD is the most common. GAD is a pattern of frequent, constant worry and anxiety over many different activities and events (Berger & Zieve, 2010). The main symptom, according to Berger and Zieve (2010), is the almost constant presence of worry or tension that lasts at least six months, disrupting daily activities even when there is little or no cause. Worries seem to float from one problem to another, such as family or relationship problems, work issues, money, health, and other problems. Other symptoms are difficulty concentrating, fatigue, irritability, problems falling or staying asleep, and sleep that is often restless and unsatisfying, and restlessness or feeling keyed up or "on the edge," often becoming startled very easily. Physical manifestations are muscle tension, shakiness, and headache (Berger & Zieve, 2010). Risk factors for GAD include gender, family history, genetic factor, substance abuse, medical conditions, socioeconomic and ethnic factors, depression, cultural f actors, and stressful events in susceptible people (Scholten, 2011). Moreover, treating anxiety disorders is an individualized approach but several standard approaches have proved effective. Treatment modalities include therapy [e.g. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)], medication [e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants] and complementary and alternative treatment (e.g. kava, acupuncture, and yoga) (Anxiety Disorders Association of America, 2011b). For the treatment of GAD, cognitive-behavioral therapy is claimed by many psychotherapists, counselors, and healthcare professionals as the most effective therapy. According to Bingaman (2007, p. 11), this is the clear treatment of choice with anxiety disorder becau se it meets the criteria that empirically supports the treatment for GAD. CBT is very useful in treating anxiety disorders because the cognitive part helps people change the thinking patterns that support their fears, and the behavioral part helps people change the way they react to anxiety-provoking situations (National Institute of Mental Disorders,

The effectiveness of the registered nurse managing the urinary Research Paper

The effectiveness of the registered nurse managing the urinary catheter in the adult patient. Proposal Phase - Research Paper Example Secondary data collection shall therefore be the major procedure to be used by the researcher. This is perfectly appropriate because there are several existing research works on urinary catheter that can supply the researcher with adequate and sufficient data. This notwithstanding, there shall also be primary data collection procedures. Primary data collection involves the collection of firsthand data directly by the researcher. The general steps that will be undertaken will involve the collection of data on registered nurses in the site area regarding their treatment to patients with urinary catheter. Data on the progress rate of patients as well as any reported side effects with the urinary catheter shall be collected. Hospital records and forms shall therefore be the major research instruments to use. After collecting such data, the researcher shall present all of it and use existing literature to give interpretation to the data collected. The researcher expects that the outcome o f the data collection will lead to the need to design an intervention to educate nurses further on urinary catheter. After the intervention, another set of data shall be taken on improvement rate of patients. The researcher expects that the outcome will this time round be better than before.... After the intervention, another set of data shall be taken on improvement rate of patients. The researcher expects that the outcome will this time round be better than before. Researcher’s Credentials The researcher is rightly matched for this research work. This is because the researcher is well vested in issues of urinary catheter. As a health science student, who has undertaken several clinical and on job tasks in major hospitals and clinics that practice with urinary catheter, the research has the needed knowledge in the interpretation of data and other records that will be collected from the research site. What is more, the researcher has been part of a group of researchers who have been tasked with analyzing over six previous research works on urinary catheter. This means that the researcher is privileged to needed secondary sources of data to make the qualitative research analysis more authentic and reliable. Finally, as a student, the researcher has shown consistency w ith grades in nursing care. This means that the researcher is a suitable candidate for carrying out the intended interventions in the research site area. Site & Population This is a typical clinical research that demands the use of complicated equipment, access to health records and data, and realistic personnel to supply data and information. This means that the site of the research will best be constituted at a place where the researcher shall be assured of the needed equipment, health records and personnel. To this end, an intensive care unit was chosen. The researcher is hopeful that the intensive care unit has all needed equipment on urinary catheter and records of patients, both past and present. What is more,

Management Evolution Essay Example for Free

Management Evolution Essay The evolution of management can be traced back to the start of the Industrial Revolution. â€Å"Management and leadership abilities were not thought of as learnable skills but derived from one’s heredity. There did not exist the need for a theory of management: leaders were born, not made. † (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 14). This belief ignored the need for a written theory of management and focused on the practice itself. As industrialization increased and spread, problems related to the factory system began to appear. Large numbers of workers were needed to keep up with the rapid economic expansion. Many of these workers were immigrant, unskilled, and non-English speaking. Managers did not know how to train these employees. This led to a scientific study of management and to what is today known as management theory. Classical School of Management The first management theory, Scientific Management, arose because of a need to increase worker efficiency and productivity. Emphasis of this approach was placed on the best way to get the most work accomplished. Focus was on examining the work process and developing the skills of the workforce. The classical school owes its origins to several contributors; including Frederick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, and Mary Parker Follet. Frederick Taylor is often referred to as the â€Å"father of scientific management†. He believed that organizations should study and gain an understanding of work and develop precise procedures to complete it. â€Å"Taylor believed that economic prosperity could only be achieved by maximal worker productivity, which in turn, would be the product of making workers more efficient† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 5). By analyzing every job through scientific observations, he felt there was only one best way of doing a job. He believed managers should study each job and determine the minimum necessary steps needed to complete it. Individuals step would be analyzed to determine the most efficient way of performing it. Managers would then total the time of each individual task to determine the optimum amount of time necessary to complete the entire task. Workers would then follow the precise instructions of management. If tasks were not completed in the optimal amount of given, workers were removed from the job. He believed this system gave managers power over workers. Workers could no longer resist management demands. Managers possessed the knowledge and workers performed their detailed steps. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were a husband and wife team that studied job motions. â€Å"The Gilbreths are considered pioneers in making use of motion studies to improve worker efficiency† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 16). Frank analyzed worker actions to determine the best possible method of performing a given job. When he understood all the motions, he would seek to improve the efficiency of each action and reduce the number of motions required to accomplish the job–a process called job simplification† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 16). Managers would then select, train, and develop workers with devised procedures. Lillian extended this theory into the home in an effort to determine the ideal way to complete household tasks. Henry Gantt developed the Gantt chart; a work scheduling chart that measures planned and completed work along throughout each stage of completion. The Gantt chart is a powerful planning and evaluation tool used by managers. He believed inefficiency was a result of management unrealistic production standards. According to Gantt, â€Å"work standards should be determined by scientific observation and measurement, and only then may realistic work standards be set† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 17). Gantt also believed that workers should be rewarded for good work through a bonus system. He felt that workers would be more productive and achieve higher levels of production if there was an incentive. To motivate workers to go beyond the daily production quotas, he pioneered the use of a production bonus (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 18). Gantt also focused on the importance of quality leadership and management skills and their relationship to building effective industrial organizations. Mary Parker Follet is often referred to as the â€Å"mother of conflict resolution†. â€Å"Her research and writings pointed to a collaborative approach to problem solving that advocated compromise† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 17). Follet focused on the importance of establishing and developing common goals within the workplace. She believed workers should be allowed to participate in the decision making process. She believed workers could and would comply and follow management’s logical requests without being given too many orders; workers should not be micromanaged. â€Å"The classical approach to management theory had asserted that the key to worker efficiency and organizational productivity was efficient job design, use of appropriate incentives, and effective managerial functioning† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 23). This approach emphasized the work elements and eliminated the human dimensions. Behavioral School of Management The behavioral approach stresses that effective management will come from an understanding of the worker† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 23). Emphasis of this approach is based on the belief that every human being has social and physiological needs which affect performance and motivation. Focus was on improving the self-esteem and self-confidence of the workforce. Contributors to the behavioral school include Elton Mayo, Chester Barnard, and Douglas McGregor. Elton Mayo was the founder of the human relations movement. â€Å"Mayo concluded that factors other than the physical aspects of work had the power of improving production. These factors related to the interrelationships between workers and individual psychology† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 25). Mayo believed that if workers were treated with respect and their needs were being met, they would be more productive and their work would be more efficient; therefore both the employee and management would benefit. Mayo is known for his work conducted at the Western Electric Company in Chicago; known as the Hawthorne Experiments. He was able to prove that the relationship that employees have with management directly affects productivity. He concluded that management needed to be more directly involved with employees. Chester Barnard developed the acceptance theory of management, which focuses managerial authority. He believed that employees themselves determined if managerial order is legitimate and acceptable. He felt that in order for employees to accept that managers have legitimate authority to act, they must first understand the communication they receive from management. Employees must also feel that the communication that is received is consistent with the organization’s purpose. Bernard believed that managers needed to share a common purpose and express a willingness to cooperate with the employees. â€Å"Douglas McGregor, in distinguishing between the pessimistic Theory X view of employees and the optimistic Theory Y, had a dramatic impact on management theory and practice† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 27). Theory X which characterized the views of Taylor is based on the assumption that the average human being dislikes work and that because of this dislike they must be threatened and controlled before they will work. Theory X also assumes that the average person desires security and prefers being directed. Average people dislike responsibility and have little ambition. Theory Y which characterized the views of Mayo is based on the assumption that if a job is satisfying and the working conditions are good, then the worker will be committed to the organization. Theory Y also assumes that if the average worker is committed, then they will not only accept, but seek responsibility. McGregor believed that managers should operate with the belief that workers will contribute more to an organization if they feel valued and are treated responsibly. The behavioral approach to management theory focused on the workforce and their needs; the human element of the organization. This approach emphasized work as a group activity and aimed at increasing work productivity through collaboration. Production Operations Management (POM) Approach The Production Operation Management Approach to management was developed in response to increasingly difficult operational problems and a rapidly changing environment. The concepts of the POM Approach were based on the belief that the scientific method was the solution to problem solving. Herbert Simon was a major contributor to the POM Approach. â€Å"Herbert Simon is best known for his research in decision-making and information processing but also made contributions to cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, philosophy of science, and artificial intelligence† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 29). Simon coined the term satisficing which was based on the belief that executives rarely had access to perfect information. They were more apt to accept data acquired early in a search and seek solutions or accept choices that are deemed good enough for their purposes. He believed that seeking the maximal solution or result expended resources. â€Å"Production operations management stresses a systems approach that views the total operating system and analyzes a problem within that system. The problem is seen to exist as it relates to the total system, and any proposed solution is evaluated as it relates to the same system† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 30). The POM approach focused more on production and less on the human factor. Contingency Approach The contingency approach to management is the most recent school of thought about management. It combines the ideas of the other three approaches and states that there is no one universal set of management principles or one best way by which to manage an organization. This approach is based on the belief that to effective, planning, organizing, leading and controlling must be contingent on the circumstances in which an organization operates. Different problems require different solutions. â€Å"This approach arose out of the observation that the three earlier approaches to management–the classical, the behavioral, and productions operations research–did not always lead to an acceptable solution† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 1). The contingency approach applies to all areas of management, not just organizing and leading. This approach takes into consideration both the internal and external environments of the organization. Conclusion â€Å"The foundations of the various approaches to schools of management theory are found in a variety of disciplines, inclu ding economics, psychology, sociology, mathematics, philosophy, and industrial engineering. But management theory, even though it makes use of other scholarly areas and the observations of the practicing manager, has emerged as a separate area of study since the 1940’s† (Montana Charnov, 2008, p. 4). The thoughts and ideas of the classical school have been analyzed and developed over the years; however the basic concepts are still in practice today. Relation to Work Environment I believe that the contingency approach to management is the most effective. The classical, the behavioral, and productions operations research approaches all are based on a universal approach, one best way, of management that applies the same techniques to every organization. As a manager I have come to realize that not all people and every situation should be handled identically. I believe managerial decisions and actions are contingent upon a given situation. Managerial styles and techniques must vary according to the circumstances of the situation. To be effective, managers must determine which factors are relevant in what situation. I believe the most important aspect of the contingency theory is that it accounts for the human factor. As the Dining Services Director at Miles Community College, I am required to make daily decisions concerning both my department and the organization as a whole. I believe that to be an effective manager it is necessary to evaluate each and every situation to come up with the appropriate decisions and actions. I understand that each and every situation is unique and requires a situational analysis. I also believe that every decision I make affects the organization therefore my decisions are based on the goals and values of the organization as a whole. I believe that the contingency theory best fits my management style.