Do A Work Of Fine Art - 1157 Words

Think of a work of fine art. What came to mind? Was it a painting by Van Gogh, or Andy Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans, a current pop song, or a symphony by Beethoven, a piece of literature authored by Emily Brontà «, or one by the Kardashians? Due to its objectivity, art is all encompassing: It can be anything created, written, performed, or photographed within which someone finds beauty. Conversely, fine art is exclusive and elite as evidenced by its’ name and the distinction between itself and art as a whole. Whether visible to all or not, there is a definitive line between pop culture and pop art versus works considered to be fine art. The Cambridge Dictionary defines pop culture as â€Å"music, TV, cinema, books, etc. that are popular and enjoyed by ordinary people, rather than experts or very educated people† (â€Å"Pop Culture†). Although it is unfair to assume that all pop culture connoisseurs are not â€Å"experts or very educated people,â €  the definition does reveal a harsh line between pop culture and fine art (â€Å"Pop Culture†). Art that incorporates pop culture is, by design, consumed by the masses. This is due to the viewer’s ability to connect with the subject matter either emotionally or from of familiarity. Fine art, however, is a niche of art that not everyone can relate to, understand, or even grow an interest in. Despite some artists and their works of fine art being widely known, the allure of their pieces are less than those which contain elements of popShow MoreRelatedFine Arts Programs Should Be Kept in Schools Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesFine arts gives students a chance to pour their hearts into something beautiful; a chance to be a part of something that is bigger than just themselves. Some schools are facing financial troubles with the current economy, and one of the first programs they consider cutting is fine arts. The removal of fine arts programs would be absolutely devas tating to countless members of the community. Many students would lose their favorite class, in some cases the one class that helps them get through the dayRead MoreBecoming a Computeri Illustrator 1014 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s sometimes- okay, almost always - hard for a person to answer the question â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up?† Being asked this simple-sounding question so often by our friends, we begin to wonder and worry to the point where we’re terrified to even think about it anymore. Of course, as long as we’re working hard to achieve our goals, there’s nothing to fear. The key to staying calm while making such a decision that will decide our future is to break down the process of choosing into aRead MoreGovernment Funding of The Fine Arts1172 Words   |  5 Pagesstill faithful to classic works of literature and performance, the arts have proved themselves durable to the test of time. Long have these creations provided undying testament to mankind’s achievement and a window into the past. Perhaps no other category of art lends itself more to a view of history than the fine arts, or high arts, tradition with its well preserved pieces guarded and carefully designed to withstand the battery of time. Works belonging to the fine arts tradition were historicallyRead MoreEssay about Looking Deeper into the Creative Career of an Illustrator1128 Words   |  5 PagesIt is sometimes- okay, almost always - hard for a person to answer the question â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up?† Being asked this simple-sounding question so often by friends, students begin to wonder and worry to the point where they are terrified to even think about it anymore; of course, as long as they are working hard to achieve their goals, there is nothing to fear. The key to staying calm while making such a decision that will decide their entire future is to break down the processRead MoreImplementing Co re Tested Programs For Schools1396 Words   |  6 Pagesclasses, which prevents students from achieving their full potential in the affected classes. Instructional time is important, especially in the fine arts. In order to have an arts program with the tangible results and benefits previously explained, elementary students require to have at least 50 hours of instructional time in order to give them a solid base in art disciplines (Good, 374). The schools who would prefer to focus their resources on the Core tested programs will see improvement in the CoreRead MoreThe Importance Of A Musician And A Fine Artist849 Words   |  4 Pagescareers that the Focus 2 Assessment claims would be a satisfactory fit for me include a musician and a fine artist. For both of these occupations, I would be more than willing to deliberate about taking up either of them in the future, taking into consideration that I am currently a performing musician. I also have plentiful experience in the visual arts as well, so I could imagine being a fine artist as well. Both jobs include doing things I enjoy to a great extent. A musician is an individualRead MoreEssay on Fine Arts Education Issues1541 Words   |  7 PagesFine Arts Education Issues According to the National Art Education Association’s goals for schools, â€Å"all elementary schools shall require students to complete a sequential program of art instruction that integrates the study of art production, aesthetics, art criticism, and art history,† (Clark, 1987). Elementary schools are having difficulty because they are cutting back on the fine arts programming and many non-specialist classroom teachers are expected to integrate the fine arts into theirRead MoreFine Art And Commercial Art1456 Words   |  6 PagesFine Art and Commercial Art With rapid economic growth and improving technologies, many artists are increasingly become interested in commercial art. This trend is mainly influence by the fact that the financial gains in commercial art are much greater than in fine art. Since the designers are instructed on what to do by their clients, their level of creativity and ingenuity is minimized. This is partially attributed to the fact that many people have misunderstood the true meaning of fine art. HoweverRead MoreFine Art Programs Should Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 Pagesgo are often disciplines such as music, art and foreign language.† This is a shocking amount of fine art programs that are being cut out of the schools in America. It is often argued that fine art programs should be eliminated because of ‘inappropriate’ content in some plays, people believe that artists are more involved in scandals, and believe musicians are more likely to get involved with gambling and are more likely to be u nreliable. Nevertheless fine art programs in schools should continue toRead MoreMoney Plays An Important Factor1204 Words   |  5 PagesMoney plays an important factor in schools’ decisions for cutting or reducing fine arts. Cutting fine arts saves money that could be used on academically stimulating programs and bettering Core subject areas. An Arizona newspaper reported that a school district was able to save one and a half million dollars when they completely cut their fine arts program (Faller). Fine arts takes up a large portion of schools’ budgets, and schools who cut it in its entirety would be able to save that money and

Influential Renaissance Architecture Essay - 1379 Words

As one begins to delve into the history of modern architecture one quickly realizes the influence that Renaissance architects such as Donato Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo had on modern architecture. Simply look around a city at the business district and one will see bits and pieces of the Renaissance architecture. The Renaissance architecture has had an influence on architecture throughout the ages. St. Peter’s Basilica Donato Bramante was born in 1444 near Urbino. At an early age Bramante was exposed to the world of art and architecture. Bramante’s early exposure to the world of art influenced his future architectural work such as his work on Saint Peter’s Basilica. Bramante started to gained recognition while he was†¦show more content†¦Bramante felt that the symmetry and harmony of the design was a perfect representation of God’s perfection and the Pantheon style dome completed the design (Benton Di Yanni, 2005). The basilica plans included four chapels that would occupy the corner area between the transepts; however, Bramante died before the basilica was completed and his plans were strayed from (Benton DiYanni, 2005). After Bramante’s death in 1514 several architects tried to complete the work of Bramante; however they were not successful until in 1546 when Michelangelo was appointed to complete the basilica (Benton Di Yan ni, 2005). Bramante’s plans were altered as Michelangelo made simple changes to Bramante’s original plans; instead of using the Greek cross system that Bramante planned, Michelangelo enlarged the four main pillars so that the dome could be structurally supported safely (Benton Di Yanni, 2005). This change brought about interior changes as well. In 1546 Michelangelo successfully placed an â€Å"elliptically shaped dome on a huge drum ornamented with double columns†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fiero, 2008, p. 203). The dome rose approximately â€Å"450 feet from the nave to the top of the lantern,† and it took 13 years for Michelangelo to accomplish this task (Fiero, 2008, p. 203). Sadly, Michelangelo did not live to see the completion of the basilica. Finally, in 1606 Carlo Maderno was appointed by Pope Paul V to restore theShow MoreRelatedRenaissance Architecture Vs Gothic Architecture1390 Words   |  6 PagesRenaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period be tween the early 14th and early 17th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance architecture followed Gothic architecture and was succeeded by Baroque architecture. Developed first in Florence, with Filippo Brunelleschi as one of its innovators, the Renaissance style quickly spread to otherRead MoreEssay about Architectural Forms in the Mannerist Period924 Words   |  4 Pagesemphasize solid and spatial relationships. The Renaissance ideal of harmony, gave way to freer and more imaginative rhythms. During the High Renaissance, architectural concepts derived from classical ancient times were developed, and used with bigger surety. The most representative architect is Bramante (1444–1514), who expanded the applicability of classical architecture to contemporary buildings in a style that was to control Italian architecture in the sixteenth century. During the ManneristRead MoreArchitecture Of Europe During The Eighteenth Century2650 Words   |  11 PagesDuring the fifteenth century, architecture in Europe underwent a dramatic change in architectural styles, transitioning from Gothic to Renaissance. However for Italy, who had substantially less involvement with Gothic compared to other countries in Europe such as France, not only revolutionised in terms of architecture but also in terms of their social and economic state. With Italy positioned between Western Europe and Byzantium on the east, it acted as the trade hub for products coming out of theRead MoreUnderstanding Th e Birth Of The Renaissance996 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding the birth of The Renaissance is as simple as understanding that the quality of a straight razor shave is superior to that of a commercially stamped multi bladed razor. Looking retroactively at the years leading up to this rebirth one can note the beginning of reflection the Ancient World and the ins-and-outs of Roman culture. Influencing architecture, art, and social construction, a desire for the classics pulled Europe from the slumping years of the fading High Middle Ages. ActivelyRead MoreAndrea Di Pietro Della Gondola1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Renaissance produced one of the most influential figures with great skill and craftsmanship. Andrea Di Pietro della Gondola known as Andrea Palladio born in November 8, 1508 in Padua was one of the most influential figures of the Renaissance architecture. At age thirteen Palladio was a stone cutter and then moved nearby Venice. During his training in the Northern Italy in Vicenza in 1524, Palladio was trained as a stonemason and later on his patron, Giangiorgio Trissino, granted Palladio an opportunityRead MoreA Brief Look at the Renaissance939 Words   |  4 PagesThe renaissance sparked an influential cultural movement by art, architecture, and music. Renaissance was a period of time from the 14th to the 17th century that affected Europe. During the renaissance people learned art and literature. The renaissance was the period of transition, from the medieval to modern times. The renaissance began in Ita ly during the 14th century as early as the painters Giotto and Cimabue. During the Renaissance people witnessed â€Å"the discovery of the world† and the â€Å"discoveryRead MoreHumanities Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance and Baroque periods in European history played an important role in the development of humanities in their respectable age. During these periods it established a time of rebirth in humanisms and improvement of cultural accomplishments. The Renaissance period provided artistic freedom and individualism. It began around the 14th century in Italy and spread throughout Europe until the 16th century. Renaissance means â€Å"rebirth† and humanism of the renaissance artist was to express themselvesRead MoreInfluence Of The Renaissance On Modern Europe1174 Words   |  5 Pageswere more significant than the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and the French Revolution. Of these three events, the Renaissance proved to be the most import ant event in shaping a modern Europe, with developments in education, class structure/order and social change issues, religion, building construction/use, Medici banking system, art and architecture, humanism, printing and the printing press, and the scientific and medical changes of the Islamic Renaissance. The changes in the developmentRead MoreEssay Time Capsule1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthat humanities cover. There are several time capsules that are rumored to contain pieces of some of the most influential art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. To find these capsules would be to travel back in time and hold in ones hands the true measure of what the humanities has accomplished during its evolution. Art The Renaissance was perceived as a rebirth of ancient traditions. It breathed new life into the artists of its time with theRead MoreThe Impact of Renaissance on the Present1204 Words   |  5 Pagesin today. Some of the more influential elements of everyday modern life are the result of cultural and societal changing events, which transpired throughout the years 1350-1600. During the period known today as the â€Å"Renaissance† (1350-1600), the world of art, the boundaries of marriage, and secular viewpoints were forever revolutionized, through the development and spread of â€Å"Renaissance Humanism†, which today, still affects modern day life. (Knox 1999) The Renaissance (1350-1600), named from the

Should kids be spanked free essay sample

Parenting can sometimes be a very strenuous job. It is a blessing to have a child, yet raising a well brought up kid carries a lot of responsibility. There are so many dilemmas that parents face during this demanding road and still, there are so many different opinions about proper nurture. Should a parent be strict or easy going? Should parents spank their kids or not? The latter is the question that is being discussed in this essay. While there are many parents who are against spanking, there are also a lot of parents who think that spanking is the most effective way to teach a child lesson. Every parent is a role model for their own child, thus spanking promotes aggression in younger children. From the time babies develop their abilities to mimic, they imitate everyone they are around. If you hit the table, even eight months old baby will imitate and hit the table back. We will write a custom essay sample on Should kids be spanked or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My one-year-old son repeats my every action and every word. Mostly children spend all their time around their parents and adopt their values and behaviors. Due to this, parents should be very careful around their children because without being aware of the situation, parents can promote certain undesirable actions. Spanking promotes aggression in children and by displaying such actions; parents are acting as bad role models since children think that their parents act the right way. A recent study was carried out and it showed that kids who were spanked as five year olds turned out to be more aggressive later on and break more rules.1 Spanking teaches them that the stronger one can hit the weaker one and get what he wants. This can be displayed when children fight over toys. It is true that children can frustrate their parents very frequently and parents search in desperation for ways whichever come to hand. Evidently, spanking is one of the ways many parents use to teach their children. Spanking is not an effective method of teaching a lesson to the kid, but rather a short-term solution. Spanking can only be used by parents who don’t think about long-term psychological effects and are illiterate. Spanking makes it more memorable for the child to remember the pain, so that he doesn’t do it again. However, the child does not properly understand why he shouldn’t act in a certain way but rather behaves out of fear. He continues to behave properly till the time he remembers the  physical pain and sometimes he even doesn’t stop making the same mistakes. The child just tries to act more carefully, so that he doesn’t get caught this time. It would be much more effective if children were explained what’s right and what’s wrong. Instead of being a long-term solution to bad behavior, spanking leaves a long-term effect in aggression. There are many varying opinions about how children should be disciplined and even much more books. However, even the books will not guide you properly in this path. Every child is unique and he/she reacts differently. While one child can get very quiet and accept the punishment given by his/her parents, another child can get very frustrated and become rebellious. I was a child from the second group and if my parents spanked me, I would get very frustrated and actually would start to hate them. Instead of behaving like they say, I would do the exact opposite because of the resentment that was growing inside me. Children do not only need discipline when they act out. They need to be disciplined even the times when they behave properly. Spanking might destroy the friendly relationship that many parents strive to achieve with their children. Parents need to create a supportive aura for their offspring and children need to be praised for their good behavior because that means that they get the attention from their parents. If the children are not praised, then they try to act out because they need some kind of attention from their parents. This is the only way they can attract their parents. Spanking could also lead to weakened conscience. Children feel that by getting spanked they pay off for their bad behavior, thus they don’t have remorse following the spanking. According to AAP spanking becomes less effective by time and they don’t approve it. The American Academy of Pediatrics approves time-outs instead of spanking because then children will have some time to think about their actions. The goal of punishment is not to hurt the children, but make them understand what they did wrong and how they can improve it. There should be certain amount of motivation included. The APA also encourages â€Å"positive reinforcement and effusive praise to reward children for good behavior†.3 Discipline requires a lot of time and patience; it is not something that happens within one day. Even a ‘harmless’ spanking can turn into child abuse. There is a fine line between spanking and child abuse, which cannot be distinguished in the moment of anger. Parents can get angry with others and take their anger from their  children while spanking them. Greg Sagan, a freelance writer who also used spanking as a form of teaching said, â€Å"I realized that I was doing it out of rage, which was my own problem to confront and not something they caused.†4 He stopped spanking his children after realizing it. Last but not least, spanking might cause low self- esteem and lost self-confidence. Children feel ashamed and humiliated especially if the spanking was done in public. Spanking makes the child believe that he/she is a bad child and his/her self-esteem will never be to the highest even when he grows up. Children from every age group need different ways of explaining. For instance, a baby or a toddler will not understand if you try to give a rational explanation for their actions. A baby won’t understand if you try to explain why he shouldn’t poke his finger into the electricity plug. Instead, I try to distract my boy from that action. From the moment children can clearly communicate and understand everything they are told, then parents can start explaining them why they shouldn’t act in a certain way. Spanking is illegal in most European countries while it is legal in United States and Canada. However, legality doesn’t mean that parents should spank their children. Even though sometimes it might seem as the only solution because children can be very frustrating. It is the easiest solution because parents prefer just to give several spanks instead of looking for a real problem and its cause. Parents should build a loving and trusting relationship with their offspring. We cannot expect from them not to display aggression if we ourselves are serving as role models by spanking them as punishment. Children should not be exposed to any kind of physical mistreat and from early childhood they should be regarded as individuals. Instead of spanking them as a form of punishment, parents should search for alternate ways such as explaining them what is wrong with their actions. If needed then time-outs, grounding and not buying items they want might be another solution.

Pokemon And Beyond Essay Research Paper Pokmon free essay sample

Pokemon And Beyond Essay, Research Paper Pok? Monday and Beyond Imagine for a minute a small male child raising his sleepy small caput off his Pokemon slip, mounting reluctantly out from underneath his warm Pokemon cover, interchanging from his Pokemon pyjama into his favourite Pokemon T-shirt, imbibing his forenoon juice from his darling Pokemon cup. All the piece, he is doing his manner into the household den to watch his favourite sketch, Pokemon. A typical twenty-four hours begins like this for kids in families all over the state. Evidence of the Pokemon phenomenon is everyplace: on telecasting, in film theatres, at fast-food eating houses and in merchandises of every imaginable type. There are Pokemon pictures, playthings, books, package, videogames, trading cards, school supplies, vesture and toilet articless. The Pokemon trade name is a five billion dollar industry worldwide. The prosperity of Pokemon has attracted negative attending from parents, pedagogues and childhood experts. We will write a custom essay sample on Pokemon And Beyond Essay Research Paper Pokmon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Labeling a merchandise either good or bad on the footing of net income is incorrect. The worth of a plaything should be determined by the educational value for a kid instead than pecuniary net incomes. The lone downside to Pokemon? s success is it? s success. The Pokemon fury has spread like wildfire through schools and communities by word of oral cavity? the old fashioned manner. Although scarce, advertizements for Pokemon entreaty to the demand for association, the demand to accomplish and the demand to rule. The whole Pokemon phantasy is cognitively prosecuting for the targeted audience of kids from six to fourteen old ages old. Parents should be speedy to see the positive benefits of Pokemon for their kids by looking beyond the promotional fad. While Pokemon passion is prehending the attending of childs across the state, pull the leg of? s civilization has been making this for a long clip. There have ever been kiddy fads. For illustration, in the 50? s the hit telecasting show Davy Crockett set off a coonskin cap fad. During the 60? s, kids everyplace watched Howdy Doody sacredly while directing off for awards and fall ining his nine. In the 70? s childs were brainsick for Puff n Stuff to the full equipped with the latest metal lunchbox exemplifying their passion. Small bluish elves called the Smurfs dominated the 80? s. While in the 90? s, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers lit up the media and hard currency registries. Today? s kids are no different than of yearss gone by. Tim Burke, a cultural history professor and writer of Turning Up with Cartoon Culture, says, ? Pokemon is a cultural phenomenon non merely a plaything craze. It? s an astonishing piece of chemistry, the manner one link has seamlessly led to another # 8230 ; Pokemon has set a new criterion? ( Maurstad. ) Parents should acknowledge that Pokemon is a cardinal portion of childhood merely as their favourite sketch character was an of import portion of theirs. For the Pokemon nonreader parent, understanding the beginning of Pokemon can be every bit confusing as replying the proverbial question-which came foremost the poulet or the egg? Despite the promotion generated by the trading cards, the bosom of Pokemon is a game cartridge for the Nintendo Game Boy. Pokemon began in Japan in 1996 and the game has swept across the United States at an accelerated velocity. The game takes topographic point in an fanciful land inhabited by 150 animals called Pokemon, which translates to pocket monsters. The object of the game is for the participant, called a trainer, to catch as many of the animals as he or she can, hence the motto? Got ta Catch? Em All. ? Once caught, the animals catch other Pokemon and the trainer receives badges in hopes of going a Pokemon maestro. Interestingly, Pokemon do non decease in conflicts. They simple fall asleep or swoon at which clip they are taken to the Pokemon Center where they can be restored. Parents should acknowledg e that Pokemon is a game of scheme non blood and backbones. Unfortunately, parents across the state become excessively concerned when they hear the term pocket monsters. Ebeneezer Smith, a curate from the Landover Baptist Church in Iowa, claims, ? Pokemon plaything and games are merely sugar coated instruments of the supernatural and evil? ( Landover. ) To drive place his point, the curate burned Pokemon trading cards and pictures with a blowlamp while the fold chanted, ? burn it, chop it and kill them all. ? Granted monsters make for perturbing playfellows, monsters have a manner with kids. Take for illustration, Pikachu, who is the cutest mouse since Mickey and the me rchandising title-holder of all the Pokemon monsters, is stealing the Black Marias of kids all over the universe. My eight-year-old girl cried during a portion of the Pokemon film in which Pikachu was hurt. Such a show of empathy from a kid should be heartwarming to any parent. However, Sesame Street, whose chief characters are monsters such as the cooky monster, Oscar the grouch, Telly and Elmo, does non have negative attending from the media and is considered wholesome and educational telecasting for kids. Parents should look away from the negative promotion to see the true educational value of Pokemon. In Sports Illustrated for Kids, an advertizement for Pokemon trading cards entreaties to a kid? s demand for association, accomplishment and laterality. The ad asks the kid to believe of the best field trip imagineable and tells them that the Pokemon Trading Card League is one 100 times better. On this field trip, the kid can larn to be a Master Trainer, earn official trainer badges and particular game cards and do new friends ( Sports Illustrated. ) Pokemon combines game playing with roll uping. Parents can associate through their yearss of roll uping and geting baseball cards or dolls. Yet the best analogy is marbles, childs collect the marbles to play the game merely to get more marbles from their oppositions. Pokemon is cognitively appealing to kids because this is where they are at developmentally. Children like the ordination, calculating and categorising which is involved in get the hanging the art of Pokemon. Pokemon is a unambiguously positive game. Stephanie Pratola, a chil d psychologist, explains, ? You have to look at in the context of our civilization. We are all haunted with geting things and we can? t anticipate our kids to lift above our civilization? ( Hooked. ) Contrary to popular belief, Pokemon has positive lessons to be learned. First, the game is a societal clip for kids to prosecute in friendly drama. Second, the game Fosters cooperation. It takes the aid of one? s playfellows to gaining control and develop all one hundred and 50 plus Pokemon. Third, the game helps the participant develop accomplishments in scheme, believing and memorisation. The game besides encourages a kid to develop reading accomplishments so he can accomplish command. Fourth, the game promotes dialogue and organisation accomplishments that may be utile in life. Pokemon helps develop accomplishments in the life of a immature individual that will supply a foundation for success. Parents should be speedy to see that Pokemon encourages traditional values such as empathy, cooperation, obeisance and humbleness. Becoming a existent Pokemon trainer takes compassion, duty and teamwork. Parents should be proud to hold such positive qualities blooming within their kids. In f act, Dr. Joyce Brothers praises the phenomenon? s value by reflecting that the whole point of the game is to salvage person, develop them, experience duty and compassion ( People Weekly. ) In decision, many companies are acquiring rich as a consequence of the Pokemon passion. Nintendo, which created the game that started the fad ; Hasbro, which locked in on the plaything licenses ; Aces of the Coast, which invented the card game and Warner Brothers, which bought the rights to the sketch have generated net incomes into the 1000000s apparently at the disbursal of our kids. But parents should non throw the babe out with the bath H2O. Parents must be speedy to see the positive societal and educational benefits Pokemon provides to their kids. In the interim, parents can remind themselves that every fad runs its class. Where another coevals of childs had Howdy Doody or Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, this 1 has Pokemon. Let the childs enjoy it while it lasts. Concerned Women for America. ? Hooked on Pokemon: Is Pokemania Harmless Entertainment or an Addiction? ? 1999 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cwfa.org/library/family/1999-12- 21_ent-pokemon.shtml. ( I couldn? T get the reference to indent, I tried and gave up. ) Landover Baptist Church. ? Pokemon? Poke Yourself, Satan! ? 1999. 14 June 99 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.landoverbaptist.org/news1099/pokemon.html Maurstad, Tom. ? Today? s Pokemon Craze Goes Where No Smurf Has Ventured Before. ? Tribune News 9 Nov 99: K33723. ? Pokemon, Sorry Mom and Dad, it? s Strictly a Kid Thing ; You Wouldn? t Understand. ? Peoples Weekly. 31 December 99: 52. Pokemon Trading Card League. Advertisement. Sports Illustrated for Kids. June 2000: 1

Free Essays on Accounting

A college student decides she wants to become an accountant. General accounting and bookkeeping classes can be taken in high school. In college, the student needs to decide on a more specific field of accounting. An accountant has many choices as to what particular field of accounting to specialize in depending on the financial information she wants to analyze and how it is done. Financial accountants, tax accountants and internal auditors are all accountants in general, but require different training and work methods. A financial accountant records economic data and periodically prepares reports that show profit and other financial information of a company using the generally accepted accounting principles. The reports prepared by the accountant are useful for managers, and also for owners, creditors and the public. Based on information in the reports the public can use the reports to choose a company to invest in. Because a financial accountant is employed by an individual company, she is considered a private accountant. Another type of accountant is a tax accountant. A tax accountant prepares yearly tax returns for individual clients. The accountants have to use constant data such as rates of pay and other information to determine the proper amount of taxes to be paid. These accountants have to take a class once a year to catch up on yearly changes in tax laws and regulations. If a tax accountant has met state experience requirements, she may want to take exams to become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA). A third type of accountant is an internal auditor. Auditors are sponsored by the Institute of Internal Auditors and work within an individual firm. The auditor reviews accounting and operating procedures used by a firm to make sure everything is being run properly. If things aren't being run properly, it is the auditor's job to find the problem and to try to rectify it. An auditor is considered a private accountant because h... Free Essays on Accounting Free Essays on Accounting Great Input results in Great Output. While GIGO sounds like a Greek verb or an Italian food, it's typically used as an abbreviation for Garbage In, Garbage Out. This familiar computer axiom means that if invalid, inaccurate or inappropriate data is entered into a system, the resulting output will be just like the input †¦. invalid. Originally applied to computer software, GIGO holds true for all systems, including Activity Based Management (ABM) decision-making systems. Most ABM/ABC implementers pay little or no attention to input. Activity analysis interviews tend to focus on activities, output measures (drivers), classifications (value) and cost. One of the most valuable attributes of the activity is frequently overlooked †¦ its input. For example, a common activity is Issue Purchase Order. Number of P.O.'s or Number of Lines are common output measures for this value-added activity. What is its input? An activity will typically have more than one input. The inputs for Issue Purchase Order commonly include requisitions, inventory reports, cycle counts, policies, procedures, and bills of material. Because inputs come before output, they often define and direct an activity's performance. Input influences activity performance in five distinct ways: Inputs are the root cause of an activity. A requisition "causes" the purchasing department to initiate the activity of Issue Purchase Order. To identify and eliminate the root cause of an activity, you rarely need to look further than its input. Inputs trigger the quantity of an activity. More inputs mean more work. If more and more requisitions are received by Purchasing, the workload of specific activities, such as Issue Purchase Order, will increase proportionally. If you need to reduce workers, reduce input that triggers their workload. Inputs trigger quality. The quality, or lack thereof, will determine the quality of activity output. It is difficult to make a "good" ... Free Essays on Accounting Reed Accounting is a respected job through out the community. There cannot be a single business without accounting, it is used in every day life, at home doing your taxes or just finding where you spent your twenty dollar bill. Accounting has a wide range of aspects and job opportunities. There is a high demand for accountants, because there needs to be at least one accountant for every company. Public and certified management accountants should have the easiest time finding a new job. Accountants work in offices, or cubicles. Some work close with the manager of the store so they will always be updated with the latest information about the business. Accountants primarily track the whereabouts of the company’s money. Accountants relay information to the manager of the company, then manager’s check the report to see how well there company is doing, and what needs to be cut back and where there money is going. Governments also check the report to see how much tax the company has to pay, also other company’s use the report to verify if they want to do business with them or if they want to lend money to that company. There are a wide variety of accountants, some more important to a companies welfare then others. Mainly there are endless types of accountants but the four primary accounting jobs are: Public Accountants who work for companies, work for other people or even own there own business. Management Accountants who keep track of money and assets to tell where money is being spent and made by the companies in which they work. Internal Auditors mainly check to see if the accounts are correct and that noone wastes or loses any money, and even sometimes to see if any one is stealing from the company. Government Accountants check to see if the government records are right and they also check other companies to see how much they should be taxed, and who is doing business with the government. These elite fina... Free Essays on Accounting Accounting is the study of how businesses track their income and assets over time. Accountants engage in a wide variety of activities besides preparing financial statements and recording business transactions including computing costs and efficiency gains from new technologies, participating in strategies for mergers and acquisitions, quality management, developing and using information systems to track financial performance, tax strategy, and health care benefits management. There's a lot to get out of a career in accounting. Perhaps most important: You will learn how business works. The field of accounting offers stimulating and challenging work that is constantly evolving. Because accountants spend a lot of time looking under the hoods of businesses they really learn how business works. It's no surprise that many successful players in business began their careers as accountants. It's also no surprise that most Chief Financial Officers of large corporations have a background in accounting. An accountant is perfectly positioned to become a CFO because he or she probably has the best understanding of what drives business and profits in a company.... Free Essays on Accounting A college student decides she wants to become an accountant. General accounting and bookkeeping classes can be taken in high school. In college, the student needs to decide on a more specific field of accounting. An accountant has many choices as to what particular field of accounting to specialize in depending on the financial information she wants to analyze and how it is done. Financial accountants, tax accountants and internal auditors are all accountants in general, but require different training and work methods. A financial accountant records economic data and periodically prepares reports that show profit and other financial information of a company using the generally accepted accounting principles. The reports prepared by the accountant are useful for managers, and also for owners, creditors and the public. Based on information in the reports the public can use the reports to choose a company to invest in. Because a financial accountant is employed by an individual company, she is considered a private accountant. Another type of accountant is a tax accountant. A tax accountant prepares yearly tax returns for individual clients. The accountants have to use constant data such as rates of pay and other information to determine the proper amount of taxes to be paid. These accountants have to take a class once a year to catch up on yearly changes in tax laws and regulations. If a tax accountant has met state experience requirements, she may want to take exams to become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA). A third type of accountant is an internal auditor. Auditors are sponsored by the Institute of Internal Auditors and work within an individual firm. The auditor reviews accounting and operating procedures used by a firm to make sure everything is being run properly. If things aren't being run properly, it is the auditor's job to find the problem and to try to rectify it. An auditor is considered a private accountant because h... Free Essays on Accounting The Master Budget for a profit oriented organization seeks to build a set of interrelated budgets which provide a complete "picture" of the operations of the business over some future period, usually twelve months. The elements of the master budget address both operating and financial concerns. (Blocher, 2002) It is not difficult to devise a master or overall budget. It is simply your realistic, long-term aspirations translated into total costs. So often, families consider only the cost for the item, when the item in question comes with accompanying repair or installation costs. For example, an air conditioner may require electrical, plumbing and installation expense. (www.debtfreebenefits.com) Those "other" costs should be considered in establishing the financial impact on the family budget. Sometimes the incidental costs may be as great at the time as the major purchase itself. Good planning or budgeting usually avoids these mistakes. (www.debtfreebenefits.com) After the long term objectives are established, each objectives must be put into annual terms. There are many questions to answer: When can you buy it, how much will it cost, do you pay it all now or can you spread the total costs over more than one year? (www.debtfreebenefits.com) A master budget is simply the compilation of these major considerations put on the same page (s) so that the total picture for a lifetime, year, month, week or day can be properly reviewed and then adjusted when necessary. (www.debtfreebenefits.com) A master budget does not have to be complex, but it ought to be complete. The path to success for the successful is almost always supported by a plan, a specific, written charting of the steps needed to accomplish the intended success. Success is not achieved by accident. Success is a planned event. (www.debtfreebenefits.com) A firm’s strategic plan describes how the firm matches its own strengths and weaknesses wi... Free Essays on Accounting When examining the effect of open marketing on the profession of accounting it is important to view it from three perspectives: the client's, the profession's, and society's. Additionally, two key areas that are affected by marketing must be addressed, these are concerning competition, and ethical implications. Marketing in public accounting is here to stay therefore making an argument against its existence would be fruitless; however, in order to achieve maximum benefit to the firm, the client, and s ociety more stringent guidelines must be implemented at the firm level. The first, and most obvious, of the effected areas is competition. Within competition several points are discussed. First, the implications advertising has on public accounting the model of perfect competition versus the model of monopolistic compet ition. Secondly, the relationship between firm size and advertising expenditures. Thirdly, the effect of advertising on firm specialization, the implications of client turnover on public accounting practice. Before making the comparison, a brief explanation why the two models are chosen is in order. Monopolistic competition has been chosen for the pre-advertising era because it most closely resembles the market structure in an extreme sense. The elements o f monopolistic competition are as follows: product differentiation, the presence of large numbers of sellers, and nonprice competition. Although accounting services between firms offer very little service differentiation, the absence of advertising serve s as a replacement because clients are not necessarily aware that other options are easily attainable. The post-advertising era is explained through the model of perfect competition for which the qualifications are as follows: very little or no service d ifferentiation, many sellers, and price as the only means of distinguishing one firms ... Free Essays on Accounting Accounting „h The main purpose of accounting is to provide useful, reliable, and timely information to people who make rational investments, credit, and similar decisions. Because accountants serve decisions makers by providing them with financial information that helps them make better decisions, accounting is often decried as a service activity. „h Accountants also provide information about nonprofit organizations such as churches, hospitals, museums, schools, and various government agencies. The people who use accounting information about nonprofit organizations include their managers and people who denote to or pay taxes to them, who use their services, or who otherwise work with them „h The internal role of accounting is to serve the organization's various functions by providing information that helps them complete their tasks. By providing this information, accounting helps departments such as Finance, Human Resources, Research and Development, Production, Marketing, and Executive Management reach their overall goals. „h After my undergraduate work I plan on going into M.S in accounting „h The Master of Science in Accounting Program is designed for accounting students and professionals who have completed an undergraduate accounting degree and who seek to enhance their technical and professional skills through completion of an advanced degree in accounting. Prospective students who have not earned a baccalaureate degree in accounting from a U.S. institution may apply but will be required to complete additional coursework in order to earn the degree. „h The one-year full-time curriculum, together with most undergraduate accounting programs, should satisfy the 150-hour educational requirement for certification and licensure as a certified public accountant (CPA). This is the educational standard advocated by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) that is required in most states....

Causes of the Mexican-American War

Causes of the Mexican-American War The origins of the Mexican-American War can largely be traced back to Texas winning its independence from Mexico in 1836. Following his defeat at the Battle of San Jacinto (4/21/1836), Mexican General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna was captured and forced to recognize the sovereignty of the Republic of Texas in exchange for his freedom. The Mexican government, however, refused to honor Santa Anna’s agreement, stating that he was not authorized to make such a deal and that it still considered Texas a province in rebellion. Any thoughts the Mexican government had of recovering the territory quickly were eliminated when the new Republic of Texas received diplomatic recognition from the United States, Great Britain, and France. Statehood During the next nine years, many Texans openly favored annexation by the United States, however, Washington rejected the issue. Many in the North were concerned about adding another â€Å"slave† state to the Union, while others were concerned about provoking a conflict with Mexico. In 1844, Democrat James K. Polk was elected to the presidency on a pro-annexation platform. Acting quickly, his predecessor, John Tyler, initiated statehood proceedings in Congress before Polk took office. Texas officially joined the Union on December 29, 1845. In response to this action, Mexico threatened war but was persuaded against it by the British and French. Tensions Rise As annexation was debated in Washington in 1845, controversy escalated over the location of the southern border of Texas. The Republic of Texas stated that border was situated at the Rio Grande as set forth by the Treaties of Velasco which had ended the Texas Revolution. Mexico argued that the river stipulated in the documents was the Nueces which was located approximately 150 miles further north. When Polk publicly supported the Texan position, the Mexicans began assembling men and sent troops over the Rio Grande into the disputed territory.   Responding, Polk directed Brigadier General Zachary Taylor to take a force south to enforce the Rio Grande as the border. In mid-1845, he established a base for his Army of Occupation at Corpus Christi near the mouth of the Nueces. In an effort to reduce tensions, Polk dispatched John Slidell as minister plenipotentiary to Mexico in November 1845 with orders to open talks regarding the United States purchasing land from the Mexicans. Specifically, Slidell was to offer up to $30 million in exchange for locating the border at the Rio Grande as well as the territories of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico and Alta California. Slidell was also authorized to forgive the $3 million in damages owed to US citizens from the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821). This offer was refused by the Mexican government which due to internal instability and public pressure was unwilling to negotiate. The situation was further inflamed when a party led by noted explorer Captain John C. Frà ©mont arrived in northern California and began agitating American settlers in the region against the Mexican government.     Ã‚         Thornton Affair War In March 1846, Taylor received orders from Polk to move south into the disputed territory and establish a position along the Rio Grande. This was prompted by new Mexican President Mariano Paredes declaring in his inaugural address that he intended to uphold Mexican territorial integrity as far as the Sabine River, including all of Texas. Reaching the river opposite Matamoros on March 28, Taylor directed Captain Joseph K. Mansfield to build an earthen star fort, dubbed Fort Texas, on the north bank. On April 24, General Mariano Arista arrived in Matamoros with around 5,000 men.  Ã‚   The following evening, while leading 70 US Dragoons to investigate a hacienda in the disputed territory between the rivers, Captain Seth Thornton stumbled upon a force of 2,000 Mexican soldiers. A fierce firefight ensued and 16 of Thornton’s men were killed before the remainder was forced to surrender. On May 11, 1846, Polk, citing the Thornton Affair asked Congress to declare war on Mexico. After two days of debate, Congress voted for war- not knowing that the conflict had already escalated.

Econ assignment- 6 questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Econ - 6 questions - Assignment Example b. The autonomous spending multiplier can be estimated as 6.99, [i.e. 1/(1-0. 0.8571) = 1/0.1429 = 6.99] with the marginal propensity to consume valued as 0.8571 (Economicae, â€Å"Autonomous Spending Multipliers†). c. Based on the provided information, the total government expenditures amounted to 2000 and the equilibrium value of real income in this economy has been calculated to be 6900. Thus, the amount of an increase in government spending that would lead to a 1000 increase in real income would be (6900+1000-2000) = 5900. d. The tax rate which needs to change so as to generate a 1000 increase in real income would be [(0.30/6900)*1000] = 0.04 (approximately). In this regard, the simple household income tax rate is 0.30, equilibrium value of real income is 6900 and the increase in real income is expected to be 1000. As household real income and tax rates are identified to be inversely correlated, to generate an additional real income of 1000, the tax rate will be required t o be reduced by 0.04, i.e. to 0.26. QUESTION 2 Let’s assume that in the late 1970s, the U.S. economy was operating at potential output with a natural rate of unemployment of 4 percent. In June 1979, OPEC was able to triple the price of crude oil. This led to a (leftward/rightward) ___leftward_____shift of the ___demand____curve. As a result, the aggregate price level (increased/decreased) ___increased____indicating a (fall/rise) ____rise___ in inflation. Additionally, actual output (rose above/fell below) ____fell below___potential output causing unemployment to (fall/rise) ______rise__. This combination of inflation and output is referred to as ______stagflation___. The newly appointed Chair of the Federal Reserve, Paul Volker, responded by decreasing the money supply, resulting in (decrease/increase) __increase_______in interest rates. This led to a (leftward/rightward) ____leftward__ shift of the _____supply_______ curve. As a result, the aggregate price level (increased/d ecreased) _____increased_____indicating a (fall/rise) ___rise__in inflation and (increase/decrease) _____decrease___in unemployment. In addition, Ronald Regan became president in 1981. His administration cut the tax rate and increased government spending, resulting in new levels of government deficits. This led to a (leftward/rightward) ___rightward___shift of the ___demand___ curve. As a result, the aggregate price level (increased/decreased) __increased____ indicating a (fall/rise) ___rise____ in inflation and unemployment to (fell/rose) ______fell___. QUESTION 3 a. The concepts of ‘off-shoring’ or ‘offshore outsourcing’ is fundamentally related with the shifting of production to any overseas subsidiary by a multinational firm. Moreover, it can also be described as conducting trade in the form of goods and/or services in different foreign nations. With regard to an offshoring model, it can be affirmed that the higher relative wage of skilled labors in the foreign country would eventually result in higher degree of skilled-labor intensiveness in the home country. Similarly, it is to be affirmed that the lower relative wage of high skilled labors in the home country would make skilled-labor intensive related actions less expensive in comparison with the foreign country. Thus, it can be stated that the home country labor market would desire to undertake its different production activities at the lower margin of the value chain for a given product (Chang, â€Å"

EC 417 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EC 417 - Essay Example He stresses the point that economists and the World Bank which he represent, have great concerns about improved standards of living for poor countries which would enable people in villages like Gulvera to live better. This Easterly (2002) indicates would prevent them from being hungry and diseased. He indicates that increases in GDP per capita would translate into rising income for the poor, lifting them out of poverty. Easterly (2002) then uses the situation in Lahore to look at a number of problems facing the poorest countries compared to the richest. These include infant mortality, diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Easterly (2002) also provides an explanation of the higher infant mortality rates and provides information on the low cost per dose of oral rehydration and vaccination that would prevent these deaths and diseases; and exclaimed that despite the low cost, the extent of poverty is significant. Easterly (2002) sought to emphasize the point that wealth has positive imp lications for one’s health and indicates that findings suggest a relationship between infant mortality and economic growth which implies that the high death rate of infants in Africa in 1990 could have been prevented if the standards of living in was just a little higher than it was. In terms of assessing the poorest of the poor the Easterly points to how they are treated in the poorest countries of the world by the poor themselves and how they are described. Some of the countries mentioned are Tombouctou, commonly referred to as Timbuktu in Mali which is one of the poorest countries in the world and where a 1987 survey showed that 41% of children die before reaching age five. Easterly (2002) also gives some startling statistics on the calorie intake of the poorest 5th countries and the richest 5th countries, and notes the absence of famine in the richest countries while a 1/4th of the poorest countries faced famines in the last three decades. Easterly also looked at the oppr ession of the poor worldwide, child labor which is ignored in 88% of the countries, child prostitution and the oppression of women which takes many forms including wife beating in Jamaica. Easterly (2002) then provides a definition of poverty as: â€Å"that part of the population with incomes below $1 per day†. Easterly (2002) stresses the point that a fast growth rate will lead to fast poverty reduction as economic contraction goes along with increased poverty. Easterly (2002) also gave examples of poverty increasing significantly with severe recession in countries in West Africa as well as the effects of economic growth and economic contractions in Asia. Easterly also points to World Bank statistics that found that a change in the average income of a society led to a proportionate change in the poorest 20% of the population and suggests that the poor could improve their standard of living through the redistribution of income and economic growth. In concluding the Chapter Ea sterly points to the quest of improving the welfare of poor and re-emphasizes the importance of this to the next generation. Chapter 2 – Aid for Investment Easterly starts with a quote, this time from Shakespeare’s â€Å"Two Gentlemen of Verona† as to how something becomes a habit. The focus this time was on

Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children Essay Example for Free

Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children Essay Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Assignment 1 Within a school, equality, diversity and inclusion is very important. It is their duty to make sure all children have equal access to the curriculum. Whether they are a different race, culture, gender or have a special need or disability, it is important that they are supported and have a right to participate and be treated equal; this is known as inclusion. As part of this it is important that schools and other professionals support and promote cultural diversity in schools and the wider society, breaking down any discriminatory barriers to learning. (1. 2) In a school participation means that everyone has to be involved and this involves the inclusion of the children. The Government is committed to children’s rights and participation. Under Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), children and young people have the right to express their views, and for these to be respected by adults when making decisions on matters that affect them. This means that the schools have to involve the children in the planning, delivery and evaluation of the curriculum on a daily basis, asking children what they think, what works and what they think could be better. Children should be given opportunities to express their opinion in matters that affect their lives. Effective participation gives children and young people the opportunity to make a positive contribution to their learning and to develop the skills, confidence and self-esteem they will need for the future. Every child has the right to access the curriculum, Equality of access. This means that children can work to the best of their ability and be treated equally within their learning. The schools have a duty to support these rights and they must be reflected through their policies and procedures and must comply with current legislations and codes of practice. The Equality Act 2010, UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, Children Act 1989/2004, SENDA 2001 and SEN Code of Practice 2002 are the relevant legislations that give guidance on how to understand the childrens rights to participation and equality of access. Promoting participation and equal access makes sure that the school is meeting the 5 outcomes of ECM/HCAM and will therefore provide children with the best possible opportunities to to achieve to the best of their ability within the curriculum and their school life. (1. ) Cultural diversity provides a framework to bringing children together who would otherwise be naturally separated by cultural barriers. Pupils cultural development involves pupils acquiring an understanding of cultural traditions and an ability to appreciate and respond to a variety of aesthetic experiences. They acquire a respect for their own culture and that of others, an interest in others ways of doing things and curiosity about differences. They dev elop the knowledge, skills, understanding, qualities and attitudes they need to understand, appreciate and contribute to culture. Schools have to promote cultural diversity and follow legislations relating to equality and discrimination, it is the law not to discriminate and this is set out in the Equality Act 2010. There are many ways that a school can promote acceptance and respect of different cultures throughout the school, this could be through teaching in the classroom where the pupils can explore varied cultural backgrounds, learning about celebrations that different cultures participate in for example multicultural festivals that take place different times throughout the year. Also many schools now have welcome signs which are written in languages that pupils within the school speak, displays are also used with work of the children these are a brilliant way of showing the pupils understanding of others cultures and provides information for all within the school. All staff must act as role models and promote cultural diversity this helps reduce prejudice and discrimination and if staff are putting this in place then it will influence pupils to be tolerant of other cultures and with this helps the children understand the diverse society to which they belong. Pupils who understand cultural diversity will be more likely to participate and those of different cultures will feel more involved as they can help with the learning of their culture, with this it will help children in schools and outside in the wider society. In conclusion, schools who promote equality and inclusion through participation and a value of cultural diversity are encouraging children to ave respect for others and not to discriminate and promotes independence for the children. Childrens rights to equal access has to be supported by quality teaching, school policies and procedures. Childrens rights are protected by the law but if the schools follow the laws and provide the vital information through learning, children are more likely to respect others and appreciate their responsibilities to others.

Leaving the Past Behind in Everyday Use Essay -- Everyday Use essays

Leaving the Past Behind in Everyday Use      Ã‚  Ã‚   Everyday Use by Alice Walker is a short story about how people get caught up in the superficial value of material things, and the jealousy this desire causes.   In this short story Dee, the eldest daughter, was always ashamed by the way she lived during her childhood years.   As she was educated more and more, her feelings of hatred for poverty and ignorance grew intensely.   After she finished college her abhorrent feelings grew immensely, and she tried to take advantage of those less educated than her.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dee always hated the way she lived when she was being raised by her mother.   Dee was obviously overjoyed when the house that she hated so much, was finally destroyed.   "A look of concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house fall in toward the red-hot brick chimney.   Why don't you do a dance around the ashes?   I'd wanted to ask her.   She hated the house that much."   The destruction of this symbol of poverty gave her a spark of hope that she and her family would move up in the world, that eventually snowballed into a much larger hatred.   She was always ashamed of her past and did everything in her power to improve her status.   Even when she was sixteen years old, her mother recalls the urge Dee had to improve everything she could.   Her mother said, "Dee wanted nice things.   A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to match a green suit she'd made form an old suit somebody gave me."   Even though she knew her family couldn't afford "nice things" she had a burning desire for them.   This desire made her take the time and effort to alter a suit her mother was given, into a nicer ... ...and her chin.   She was making a last ditch effort to try to make a distinction between her financial class and her mother's.   The fact that she hid her entire face behind a pair of dark shades, is symbolic of her trying to put a barrier between herself and her poor past.    Works Cited Cowart, David.   "Heritage and Deracination in Walker's 'Everyday Use.'" Studies in Short Fiction 33 (1996): 171-84. Hoel, Helga.   "Personal Names and Heritage:   Alice Walker's 'Everyday Use'." 2000. Trondheim Cathedral School, Trondheim, Norway.   30 Jan. 2000. Showalter, Elaine.   "Piecing and Writing."   The Poetics of Gender.   Nancy K. Miller, Ed. New York: Columbia UP, 1986.   222-47. Walker, Alice.   "Everyday Use."   Literature:   Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay. 4th ed. Robert DiYanni, Ed.   New York:   McGraw Hill, 1998.   408-413.   

Case Study of Architect Abdul Harris Othman

THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISMIntroductionAbdul Harris Othman was born in Pokok Sena, Kedah on 4th April 1957. He grew up in Jitra, Kedah and started to prosecute his survey in Australia in 1975 after he won the Colombo Plan Scholarship. He returned to Malaysia after 10 old ages to function the state. He has designated as Principal designer of KLCC and the designer of record for Petronas Twin towers in the twelvemonth of 1992. Armed with these experiences, he established his ain architectural pattern with the aim to supply first architectural and urban design services. Designed by Abdul Harris Othman, the Serendah House is located at the Serendah territory, Rawang in Malaysia. The house attempts to make a new genre for residential architecture that meets the modern modern-day demands of client but at the same clip presents the state heritage and individuality. This house has nominated for several awards globally such as the Aga Khan Award for Architecture for 2005-2007 rhythm and the ARCASIA Gold Medal Award 2003 This paper attempts to convey an apprehension of the architect’s architectural theory through the observation and analysis of Serendah Houe. Using this architecture as primary text, this undertaking is to analyse and analyze the Serendah House in relation to its relevant architectural theories, societal, cultural and rational context.AnalysisClimateThe Serendah House is located at the border of a golf class, next to a wood modesty. Situating in the thick of a wood hill, the design has a great potency in incorporating the climatic factors into its spacial and massing planning. First and first, the major infinites in the house such as the chief deck, life and dining country and the maestro sleeping room are designed confronting to west to capture the green position and the beauty of the Sun set. We have known that the long facade of a edifice facing to east and west will increase the heat addition of the house. However, the west side of the selected site is surrounded by abundant of trees. The designer used the advantage of the site to orientate most of the major infinites confronting west to border a romantic position to the house. Due to the ideal geographical contour, the trees surrounded besides act as the shading devices for infinites like maestro sleeping room, gallery and the chief deck. For the facade confronting east which is non covered by trees, the designer has minimized the gaps to cut down heat addition into the house. Despite the assistance of the bing trees, the design of the roof construction with deep roof eaves, wickets, louvres and operable folding door at the facade besides provide shade over Sun yet let indirect natural visible radiation to perforate the interior infinites. The living country, dining country, chief deck, gallery and maestro sleeping rooms are besides designed to be unfastened or with big gaps to catch the prevailing air current, therefore the house gets first-class airing. The house was designed around the natural contour and bing trees. Assortment of gaps, Windowss timber wickets, roof spreads and louvres that positioned to be confronting the prevailing zephyr provide maximal transverse airing while the hot air will be drawn upwards, to be dispelled through the air current tower. The suites in the house are stacked up non merely for the intent of stack consequence airing but besides to cut down the impact to the wood. Sometimes, the house will acquire excessively blowy at the hillside during dark clip as the chief infinites are confronting the optimal air current way. The encircled trees are happened to be the natural parka at this point. Besides, the designer has intelligently integrated the benefit of the site contour in be aftering the drainage of the house. The broad overhang eaves aid to cast the rain H2O and the deep angle roof directs the rain H2O to the margin without the usage of troughs into the wood, reduced the impact of building to the environing wood. The designer has designed a roof garden extension with a studio infinite below it for the house. The green roof is non merely a great chilling device for the studio below ; it is besides an attack in returning the green land to the nature.ClientThe client of the Serendah house influenced the design of the house physically and spiritually. The client, Nor Aliza Abu Bakar is an creative person with strong sensitiveness to her Malays tradition and Muslim roots, a modern yet dynamic concern adult female. To do this architecture more interesting is that the client besides happened to be the married woman of the designer. Both of them shared a batch of similarities that influenced the design of the house. The purpose of the design purpose is to make a separation between the â€Å"real universe † and the â€Å"illusion† . Harmonizing to the perceptual experience of the client, her ‘real world’ is her private universe and female parent nature whereby the ‘ill usion’ is mentioning to the mundane, public, work, pandemonium and day-to-day swot. In accomplishing the construct of the client, the entryway door, tower and walls at the signifier a symbolic and physical boundary between the two universes. The heavy mass entryway tower contrasts with the visible radiation and aired atmosphere inside, supplying a feeling of come ining the private kingdom for the client. The openness interior infinites that exposed to the beauty of the nature blurred the boundaries between interior and outside, so the client can be in touch with the nature peacefully, reminding her fugitive presence in this planet. In order to heighten the major infinites quality, the private infinites that ruling the private activities of the client such as maestro sleeping room and studio for the client are exposed to the juicy verdure positions. As the client is an creative person, she is able to work in her studio that surrounded by verdure position, as a manner to acquire inspiration. The privateness of the client is concerned while be aftering the layout of the house. Due to the topography contour which is at the border of a hill side confronting the jungle, the client can bask different beds of forest position while standing in different place in the house. The upper portion of the house offers a dramatic distant wood position and it is continuously cooled by the prevailing zephyr, picturing a restful atmosphere while the private infinites such as the maestro sleeping room and studio are positioned at the lower land exposed to the nearest wood positions, offering the closest existent nature image to the client. Therefore, the noise from the exterior, public and semi-private country of the house at the upper land floor degree ( entrance degree ) can be minimize to the lower limit through the well-designed spatial layout, meanwhile it meets the construct of ‘real world’ and ‘illusion’ by the separation of difficult and soft landscape, pub lic and private country. To complement the individuality of the client, the designer borrowed the infinites such as ‘serambi’ the gallery, ‘pangkin’ the raised platform and ‘para’ ventilated kitchen shelves from the traditional slang campong house into the Serendah House. The ground of making that is because the designer and client both have a common apprehension towards their civilization and background. Hence the design of the house must be relevant to their Malayans civilization yet run into their modern life style and needs as to supply the sense of belonging.TheoriesBased onThe Phenomenon of Place by Christian Noberg-Schulz, architecture should hold the ability to do the environment meaningful through the creative activity of specific topographic points. ( Norberg-Schulz, 1995 ) The Serendah House can be defined as a meaningful topographic point for the client as it is her escape path for her day-to-day hustle modus operandi. The designer has designed harmonizing t o the human experience alternatively of barely functional agreement of infinites. The client’s needs, her backgrounds and her thought have been taken into consideration in making a piece of architecture that belongs to her but non merely a conventional house. The ‘genius loci’ of the Serendah House introduced the spirit of a Malayan house that situated at the hill side exposed to the forest positions. The designer to the full utilized the advantage of site in making the religious topographic point for the client by unfastened up the position to the tropical alcoholic verdure, bring in the female parent nature into the house. One of the maestro jury fromGold Medal, ARCASIA Award 2003has explained that: â€Å"This house has a strong physical presence. But at the same clip it has blended harmoniously with the cragged nature of the site and surroundings†¦the sensitiveness towards different spacial elements are all manifested into a fantastic expression† The Serendah House enhances the spirit of nature scene, denotes a life to the hilly side by infixing the client’s experience into it. In order to make sense of topographic point for the client, the designer has meticulously positioning every infinites in the house based on the clime, societal and cultural context. The distant hills and verdure provide ocular pleasance while the zephyr gives alleviation from the energy salvaging run downing humidness of the metropolis. The silence of the wood is a great assistance for relaxation. The designer has successfully gives the infinite a specific character. When the client lives indoors, she will be able to orientate herself, and has individuality herself with the environment. The client is able to orientate herself, has individuality about how she is in the topographic point. As an creative person, the house is designed in such manner that allowed her to prosecute her ain ‘private’ universe closest to the Mother Nature. T he client herself stated that the house has a harmonious balance and trade with paradoxes. It is cosmopolitan yet personal, non intrusive and non overpowering. She is satisfied as the house met her demands both spiritually and functionally. Based on the Prospects for a Critical Regionalism by Kenneth Frampton, intercrossed universe civilization will merely came into being through a cross fertilisation between frozen civilization on the one manus and cosmopolitan civilisation on the other. ( Frampton, 1995 ) Therefore, in denoting a new genre of Malayan lodging architecture, Harris has blended the state heritage individuality into the design while accommodating the modern-day societal demands of a house. He believes that a good piece of architecture in this epoch should be able to talk a local yet cosmopolitan linguistic communication. For Serendah House, it deals with the paradoxes. From the transmutation of the stiff concreteness at the entryway tower to the interior dynamic infinites with openness program reveal the combination of the attacks of the designer in uniting the slang and modern architecture together. The usage of concrete construction for the tower and chief construction reveals the cosmopolitan linguistic communication for modern-day architectural stuffs while the lumber construction represents the tropical civilization scene of the house in Malaysia. Critical regionalism suggests the usage of local stuffs and craftmanship, and reactivity to visible radiation and and clime. In this instance, the designer has extensively used the local stuffs such as chengal lumber, ,resak lumber, belian lumber herpes zosters wood, and sand rock slate floors to showcase the presence of the house in response to the tropical scene. He has the designer has intelligently integrated the local stuffs with modern lodging architecture that response to climatic factors. The incursion of natural visible radiation and cross airing through the lumber wickets, lourves and turn uping door show the integrating of basic cardinal elements rule of the peculiar site in farther enhancing that the design is a site-specific architecture. The house is non intended to simply denote the slang ; it does combined interaction of clime, civilization and trade that express the critical regional individuality.Discussion and DecisionSerendah House has no uncertainty in stand fori ng its designing designer, Abdul Harris Othman. Overviewing from his childhood background, educational exposure and working experiences, the award winning Serendah House shows his architectural perceptual experience and theories towards architecture today. From the analysis of the external contributing above, the attacks of the designer in planing the Serendah House have been implemented exhaustively from climatic facet, the demands of clients, contextual and senses facets. It is decidedly a state house that represents the Malaysia context architecture yet non abandoning the cognition that he learned from the West about the modern architecture theory. The house might hold paradoxes in uniting the modern and common architecture. At the first glimpse, one might experience it looks excessively traditional or symbolical to Malay’s common architecture while most lodging these yearss have taken the modern modern-day subject to their place redevelopment design and the traditional elements of the state are hardly seeable except in the types of ornaments used within the place itself in Malaysia. The signifier of the roof of the Serendah house is chiefly influenced by the architect’s background that exposed to a batch of transverse civilization tradition such as Bidayuh and Thai. Through his extensively travel experience, he besides aware the transmutation of modern architecture and the importance of cultural individuality of a state. His sensitiveness towards cultural context inspires him to come across with a design that fulfills the modern and cultural heritage individuality. Our ain state tends to pretermit the ain unique individuality by seting the postmodern design construct without sing whether it is contextually suited or non. In fact, architecture in Malaysia or in tropical regional context should be incorporating the modern functional design yet uniting with the local context individuality. The hybridisation of the functional modern design standards and the spirit of the contextual siteshould be farther heightening in the lodging architecture in Malaysia. The signifier of the Serendah House might be non every bit appealing as other lodging design, but its meaning evokes the liquors of the tropical alcoholic forest Malaysia context that able to remind one’s presence in the planet when you been to the house. Harris has taken a great enterprise in conveying a new coevals of Malaysia residential architecture which can be identified globally as a great piece of Malaysia Architecture but non simply a great piece of architecture. The construct ofmastermind venueis exellently adapted. MentionsAndo, T. ( 1995 ) . Toward New Horizons In Architecture. In K. Nesbitt,Speculating A New Agenda For Architecture: An Anthology of Architectural Theory 1965-1995( pp. 458-461 ) . New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Chan, E. J. ( 2013, June 28 ) .Architechnique Theme for DaATUM: KL 2013. Retrieved from The Edge Malaysia: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theedgemalaysia.com/property/243348-architechnique-theme-for-datum-kl-2013.html Davies, C. ( 2011 ) . Chapter4: Space. In C. Davies,Thinking About Architecture: An Introduction to Architectural Theory( pp. 62-81 ) . London: Laurence King Publishinhg. Frampton, K. ( 1995 ) . Propects For A Critical Regionalism. In K. Nesbitt,Speculating A New Agenda For Architecture: An Anthology of Architecture Theory 1965-1995( pp. 470-481 ) . New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Norberg-Schulz, C. ( 1995 ) . The Phenomenon of Place. In K. Nesbitt,Speculating A New Agenda For Architecture: An Anthology of Architectural Theory 1965-1995( pp. 414-425 ) . New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Powell, R. ( 2008 ) . Serendah House. In R. Powell,The New Malaysian House( pp. 206-215 ) . Hong Kong: Periplus Editions ( HK ) Ltd. Group, R. H. ( 2013 ) .RDA Harris Architects+Urban Designers. Kuala Lumpur: RDA Harris International. Serendah House, Serendah, Malaysia. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from RDA Harris Design Group: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rdaharrisdesign.com/r7.html Traditional Home Design Gets A Modern Twist by RDA Harris International. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from Habitat: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.habitat-my.com/index.php/design-stories-page/12-article-type/bungalow/170-traditional-home-design-gets-a-modern-twist-by-rda-harris-international? xpert=off

Network Neutrality

SHOULD NETWORK NEURALITY CONTINUE? DRAFT SUMMARY This case study from the beginning wanted to know the kind of internet use the reader is and how their usage is affecting the bandwidth making it slow down the entire internet. It went further to discuss reports which indicated that use demand for the internet could outspace network capacity by 2011 which would result in slow performance on websites such as youtube and facebook with other services. The debate about metering internet use centres was also raised.Network neutrality which is the idea of internet service providers allowing customers equal access to content and applications regardless of the source or nature of the content was the key issue discussed in this case study. It brought to the fore the fact that presently the internet is indeed neutral because it was built on phone lines, which are subject to common carriage laws. These laws require phone companies to treat all calls and customers equally. Which means that they ca nnot offer extra benefits to customers willing to pay higher premiums for faster or clearer calls.Due to bandwidth consumed by content being delivered over the internet, Telecom and cable companies want to be able to charge differentiated prices. Advocates of net neutrality are pushing congress to regulate the industry which would require network providers to refrain from these types of practices. Some companies report that 5 percent of their customers use about half the capacity on local lines without paying any more than low-usage customers. They state that metered pricing is â€Å"the fairest way† to finance necessary investments in its network infrastructure.Internet service providers point to the upsurge in piracy of copyrighted materials over the Internet as a reason to oppose network neutrality. Comcast reported that illegal file sharing of copyrighted material was consuming 50 percent of its network capacity. The company posits that if network transmission rates were slower for this type of content, users would be less likely to download or access it. Bob Kahn, another co-inventor of the Internet Protocol opposes network neutrality saying that it removes the incentive for network providers to innovate, provide new capabilities, and upgrade to new technology.ANSWERS 1. What is network neutrality? Why has the Internet operated under net neutrality up to this point in time? Network neutrality is the idea that Internet service providers must allow customers equal access to content and applications regardless of the source or nature of the content. Presently the Internet is indeed neutral: all Internet traffic is treated equally on a first-come, first-serve basis by Internet backbone owners.The Internet is neutral because it was built on phone lines, which are subject to ‘common carriage’ laws. Common Carrier law reflects a business principle that strives to avoid discrimination in a wide range of commercial practices. These laws require phone companies to treat all calls and customers equally. They cannot offer extra benefits to customers willing to pay higher premiums for faster or clearer calls, a model knows as tiered service. 2. Who’s in favor of network neutrality? Who’s opposed? Why? Organizations like MoveOn. rg, the Christian Coalition, the American Library Association, every major consumer group, many bloggers and small businesses, and some large Internet companies like Google and Amazon are in favour and supports network neutrality. Vint Cerf, a co-inventor of the Internet Protocol and some members of the U. S. Congress also support network neutrality . This group argues that the risk of censorship increases when network operators can selectively block or slow access to certain content. Others are concerned about the effect of slower transmission rates on their business models if users can’t download or access content in a speedy fashion.Telecommunications and cable companies are lar gely opposed to network neutrality and want to be able to charge differentiated prices based on the amount of bandwidth consumed by content being delivered over the Internet. Some companies report that 5 percent of their customers use about half the capacity on local lines without paying any more than low-usage customers. They state that metered pricing is â€Å"the fairest way† to finance necessary investments in its network infrastructure. Internet service providers point to the upsurge in piracy of copyrighted materials over the Internet as a reason to oppose network neutrality.Comcast reported that illegal file sharing of copyrighted material was consuming 50 percent of its network capacity. The company posits that if network transmission rates were slower for this type of content, users would be less likely to download or access it. Bob Kahn, another co-inventor of the Internet Protocol opposes network neutrality saying that it removes the incentive for network providers to innovate, provide new capabilities, and upgrade to new technology. 3. What would be the impact on individual users, businesses, and government if Internet providers switched to a tiered service model?It has been argued by proponents of net neutrality that a neutral Internet encourages everyone to innovate without permission from the phone and cable companies or other authorities. A more level playing field spawns countless new businesses. Allowing unrestricted information flow becomes essential to free markets and democracy as commerce and society increasingly move online. Heavy users of network bandwidth would pay higher prices without necessarily experiencing better service. Even those who use less bandwidth could run into the same situation.Network owners believe regulation like the bills proposed by net neutrality advocates will impede U. S. competitiveness by stifling innovation and hurt customers who will benefit from ‘discriminatory’ network practices. U. S. Internet service already lags behind other nations in overall speed, cost, and quality of service, adding credibility to the providers’ arguments. Obviously, by increasing the cost of heavy users of network bandwidth, telecommunication and cable companies and Internet service providers stand to increase their profit margins. 4. Are you in favor of legislation enforcing network neutrality?Why or why not? WHY Innovation and Creativity are the Heart of Net Neutrality The Internet has grown at a phenomenal pace since its beginnings in the early 1990's, and this growth is largely in part due to the protections and freedoms that net neutrality affords. Groundbreaking ideas and innovative products such as Google, eBay, YouTube, and torrents have gotten to where they are today because of net neutrality, and there are literally thousands of new start-ups, online stores, and simple ecommerce sites that start every day with the same chance to make it big. Net neutrality encourages creat ive expression.For example, a lecturer talking to weekend MBA students via podcast. Without net neutrality, this opportunity would be limited at best, and completely throttled at worst. Net Neutrality Provides a Competitive Marketplace Most people have access to only one, perhaps two ISPs (Internet Service Providers) in their local area. If net neutrality were to be revoked, these ISPs would have the authority to regulate Internet access, and since the consumer would most likely be unable to choose a different service provider, that access would be defined according to their discrimination. WHY NOTTiered Access Could Make For A Better Internet Net neutrality, if legislated would affect Internet Service providers who believe in the tiered access. That is paying for different levels of Internet service. This could pay for more sophisticated infrastructure, which would benefit all the users of that network. Their argument postulates that large companies could afford to pay higher fees for Internet access, which would in turn finance network improvements, which would eventually trickle down to the average Web user. Control Legislation would actually control commonplace safety practices and loopholes for unethical exploits.

The Art of Heraldry essays

The Art of Heraldry essays Marvin Pakula defined heraldry as, The art of arranging and explaining in proper terms all that relates or pertains to the bearing of arms, crests, quarterings, and other hereditary marks of honor (18). The elements of crests, helmets, shields, and mottos constitute the coat of arms or heraldic device. Throughout history, heraldry has evolved in its function as a necessity of battle and social hierarchy, symbol of honor, and connection to genealogy. The science of heraldry is not well known and underestimated in its importance in the Middle Ages. The origin of the heraldic device, commonly known as the coat of arms, dates back to the early 1100s. The necessity for identification in battles and tournaments of the Middle Ages prompted the creation of heraldry. As tactics and strategies of warfare evolved, much of knights bodies became covered by a variety of armor. This introduced the problem of how to recognize the opponent (Wilkinson 19). An organized system was needed to eliminate this situation and thus, the use of heraldic devices began. This differentiation connected allies because leaders incorporated their allies arms into their own. It emphasized their support for one another and warned enemies of their relations. Heraldry was also a necessity for tournaments. Tournament contestants wore distinctive insignia on their shields similar to modern athletes wearing team colors and numbers. Frequent tournament winners came to be recognized by their coat of arms. Because of their success, families of the winners displayed the arms as a sign of accomplishment. According to research done at Central European University, Ambitious knights traveled around Europe fighting in tournaments and in doing so helped to spread the usages and conventions of heraldry across Europe (Self-Representation in Heraldry). Eventually, tournaments required the use of a her...

Frances Dana Gage - Feminist and Abolitionist Lecturer

Frances Dana Gage - Feminist and Abolitionist Lecturer Known for: lecturer and writer for women’s rights, abolition, rights and welfare of former slaves Dates: October 12, 1808 – November 10, 1884 Frances Dana Gage Biography Frances Gage grew up in an Ohio farm family. Her father had been one of the original settlers of Marietta, Ohio. Her mother was from a Massachusetts family, and her mother had also moved nearby.   Frances, her mother and maternal grandmother all actively helped escaping slaves. Frances in her later years wrote of going in a canoe with food for those in hiding.   She also developed an impatience and longing for women’s equal treatment in her childhood. In 1929, at twenty, she married James Gage, and they raised 8 children.   James Gage, a Universalist in religion and abolitionist as well, supported Frances in her many ventures during their marriage. Frances read while at home raising the children, educating herself far beyond the rudimentary education she’d had at home, and began to write as well.   She developed strong interest in three issues which attracted many of the women reformers of her day: women’s rights, temperance, and abolition.   She wrote letters about these issues to newspapers. She also began to write poetry and submit it for publication. By the time she was in her early 40s, she was writing for the Ladies’ Repository. She began a column in the Ladies Department of a farm newspaper, in the form of letters from â€Å"Aunt Fanny† on many topics, both practical and public. Womens Rights By 1849, she was lecturing on women’s rights, abolition, and temperance. In 1850, when the first Ohio women’s rights convention was held, she wanted to attend, but could only send a letter of support. In May 1850, she began a petition to the Ohio legislature advocating that the new state constitution omit the words male and white. When the second Ohio women’s rights convention was held in Akron in 1851, Gage was asked to be the presider. When a minister denounced women’s rights, and Sojourner Truth got up to respond, Gage ignored the protests from the audience and allowed Truth to speak.   She later (in 1881) recorded her memory of the speech, usually remembered with the title â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman?† in a dialect form. Gage was asked to speak more and more often for women’s rights. She presided at the 1853 national women’s rights convention when it was held in Cleveland, Ohio. Missouri From 1853 to 1860, the Gage family lived in St. Louis, Missouri.   There, Frances Dana Gage didn’t find a warm reception from the newspapers for her letters.   She instead wrote for national women’s rights publications, including Amelia Bloomer’s Lily. She corresponded with other women in America interested in the same issues she was attracted to, and even corresponded with the English feminist Harriet Martineau. She was supported not only by women in the woman suffrage movement, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, Antoinette Brown Blackwell, and Amelia Bloomer, but also by abolitionist male leaders including William Lloyd Garrison, Horace Greeley, and Frederick Douglass. She later wrote, From 1849 to 1855 I lectured on [woman’s rights] in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and New York†¦.† The family found themselves ostracized in St. Louis for their radical views. After three fires, and James Gage’s failing health and failing business venture, the family returned to Ohio. Civil War The Gages moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1850, and Frances Dana Gage became the associate editor of an Ohio newspaper and a farm journal. Her husband was now ill, so she traveled only in Ohio, speaking on women’s rights. When the Civil War began, the newspaper’s circulation dropped, and the newspaper died. Frances Dana Gage focused on volunteer work to support the Union effort. Her four sons served in the Union forces.   Frances and her daughter Mary sailed in 1862 for the Sea Islands, captured territory held by the Union. She was put in charge of relief efforts on Parris Island where 500 formerly enslaved people lived.   The next year, she briefly returned to Columbus to care for her husband, then returned to her work in the Sea Islands. In late 1863 Frances Dana Gage began a lecture tour to support relief efforts for soldiers’ aid and for relief for those newly freed.   She worked without salary for the Western Sanitary Commission. She had to end her tour in September of 1864 when she was injured in a carriage accident on her tour, and was disabled for a year. Later Life After she recovered, Gage returned to lecturing. In 1866 she appeared at the New York chapter of the Equal Rights Association, advocating rights for both women and for African American women and men. As â€Å"Aunt Fanny† she published stories for children. She published a book of poetry and several novels, before being limited from lecturing by a stroke. She continued to write until her death in 1884 in Greenwich, Connecticut. Also known as: Fanny Gage, Frances Dana Barker Gage, Aunt Fanny Family: Parents: Joseph Barker and Elizabeth Dana Barker, farmers in Ohio Husband: James L. Gage, lawyer Children: four sons and four daughters

Maimonides Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Maimonides - Research Paper Example He was regarded as one of the popular Jewish Philosophical figures from the medieval ages. He was also a great â€Å"Torah† (name given by the Jews to the first five books of Bible) scholar and a well-known physician. Mimonides was born in Cordova, Spain on Passover eve (a unique fast day in Judiasm) in 1135 and died in Egypt (Tiberias) on 20th Tevet (fourth month of Hebrew calendar), December 12, 1204.Besides Maimonides, Cordova was also the birthplace of Avveros (Davidson 7-9). His father â€Å"Maimon†, was the direct descendent of the King David. Maimon served as a judge in the city’s Rabbinical Court. His mother passed away soon after his birth (Mangel). Maimonides was born during the age which is considered by many scholars as the end of the golden period of Jewish culture in the IberismPennisula after passage of first few years of Moorish rule. Muslim rule was established in Cordova and it stood and served as one of the greatest intellectual centers of the world at that point of time (Stroumsa 65). However as reported by Jacobs and Broyde, the situation took a turn and the events became worse when the Almohads invaded in 1148. They offered the local non-Muslims to choose either between Islam or else exile. Otherwise, they will be executed if they would not follow any one of the given alternatives. The family of Maimonides had to leave Cordova forcefully and after wandering here and there for so many years, they at last get settled in Fez, Morroco in 1160. In Morroco, they were unknown to the local authorities which supported them to pass as Muslims.There Maimonides studied at the University of Al-Karaouine.At that time, he started to work on his first religious master piece, â€Å"Commentary on Mishnah†. However, this dual life was increasingly threatening as the Maimonides’ popularity was growing steadily and the higher authorities were investigating regarding the religious disposition of this highly intellectual and gifted young man.  The ongoing inquiry had caused him to be charged with the crime of having reverted from Islam due to the evidenceprovided by an informer. But, due to the intervention of a Muslim friend, he remained successful in escaping the situation. However, these circumstances caused his family once again to leave Fez in 1165 and spent life in search of some shelter. Afterwards, they started their journey and went to Acre, to Jerusalem, and then to Fustat (Cairo), where they settled themselves in 1166 (Jacobs &Broyde). In Egypt, Maimonides had to face a number of misfortunes right in the starting years. Jacobs and Broyde had mentioned in their article that his father, Mai mon had died during that period too. After the demise of his father, his brother â€Å"David†had taken the responsibility of supporting the family by trading of precious stones. His financial support had provided Maimonides with the comfort of continuing and devoting himself to study Torah and author his first scholarly work on the Mishnah which started in 1166 and finished in 1168. This work of Maimonides was established as a seminal work in the Jewish Law. But it was not the end of losses for Maimonides, as his brother got perished in the sea in 1171. With his brother, his own fortune along with the large sums of other traders that had been entrusted upon David, were also lost with him. That event had affected the health of Maimonides and he remained sick for a long time span. After recovering his